Ndezvipi vatsvakurudzi vepamusoro vari kutaura pamusoro pevanhu vakawanda
Crowdfunding, mukubwinya kwayo kose, ichiri chiitiko chitsva. Vanamabhizimisi, vatsigiri, uye varairimi vari kungotanga kuve vakasununguka vachishandisa mashura evanhu vakawanda.
Asi isu hatina kunyora pasi pamusoro pedu pakunzwisisa kuti vanhu vakawanda vanofambisa mapurisa vachachinja sei mari yebhizimisi nekuisa mari. Izvo zvinotevera ndeye kuunganidzwa kwevamwe vekutsvakurudza kunonyanya kuitika kunoitwa pachikoro chekudzidzisa ku crowdfunding.
01 - Dynamics of crowdfunding: kudzidzira kuongorora
Yakanyorwa naEthan Mollick, purofesa paWharton School yeYunivhesiti yePennsylvania, pepa rino rinotarisa mapurogiramu makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu emadhora akawanda akaunganidza pamwe chete $ 237M.
Mollick anoedza kuziva kuti chii chinoita kuti mapurogiramu evanhu vakawanda ave nemigumisiro uye kuti maitiro akagoverana sei uye masangano evanhu ari kutamba.
Izvo zvinonzwisisika zvakajairika kuti zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nevanhu vakawanda zvinononoka kusvika kune vanobhadhara mari - zvizhinji zvekutsvakurudza kunobva papepa rino.
Crowdfunding inobvumira vatsigiri vebatsiro, ruzivo, netsika dzekuita kuti vawane mari yavo kuburikidza nekukwevera pazvipo zvishoma zvishoma kubva kune nhamba yakawanda yevanhu vanoshandisa internet, pasina vashandi vekubhadhara mari.
02 - 2013 Nyaya yeCrowdfunding Industry (Crowdsourcing.org)
Mharidzo yakazara peji-100 inodhura $ 495 asi ndeimwe yemapurogiramu akawedzerwa ekutsvakurudza kusvika kuhukuru uye mamiriro ehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu vakawanda.
Yakabudiswa nemari yekuongorora mari, Massolution, mushumo uyu unofungidzira kuti vanhu vakawanda vanoita zvekudzivirira zvikwereti zvakakonzera madhora mazana matatu emadhora (81% gore pagore kuwedzerwa) muna 2012 uye kuti 2013 inofanira kubhadhara $ 5.1 mabhiriyoni muvanhu vakawanda.
03 - Crowdfunding: Kubata boka rakanaka
Iyi pepa inotsanangura zvinokurudzirwa nevashambadzi vevanhu vakawanda, kupindura mubvunzo wekuti nei vakasarudza vanhu vakawanda kune dzimwe nzira dzekubhadhara mari uye kana vachida basa re "pre-financing" yavo yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu kana "kugoverana kwezvikwereti" - 2 nzira dzakawanda dzevanhu vanoita basa.
Pepanhau rezvidzidzo, nevatsvakurudzi vatatu veLunivhesiti yeLille Nord deFrance, rinopa hurongwa hwe "hutano hwakanaka hwevanhu vakawanda, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoda mari, chimiro chekugadzirwa kwemashizha uye mashizha emusika, uye chido chekuvaka 'zvakanaka' crowdfunders.
Mhedziso yedu inobatsira pakugadzirisa zvisarudzo mukutanga kwekutsvaga kwemafemu, apo muzvinabhizimisi aida kuvaka nharaunda yevanhu vaanofanira kubatana naye.
04 - Crowdfunding: Disintermediated Investment Banking
McGill University yeBrian Rubinton inotenda kuti vanhu vakawanda vanogona kubuda kuti vape basa rakafanana kune iyo yekushambadzira mabhizimusi emari nhasi.
Sezvo mararamiro ehutano akachinjwa saka saka inofanira kuve nemakwenzi makuru mumamiriro ose uye mashoma. Bhizimisi uye Bhizimusi Bhengi vari kushanda pane zvisiri izvo, uye, vari mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvematongerwe enyika uye zvehupfumi apo vangaita kuti mamwe maindasitiri aende mberi kuti awane nzvimbo yekushanduka kwavo15.
05 - Yakabviswa neboka revanhu? Crowdfunding, VC, uye Entrepreneurs
Imwe pepa inobva kuPenn's Mollick, iyi inobatanidza kufanana pakati pevanhu vanobhadhara vanhu vakawanda uye vanoita mari. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa neVCs sezviratidzo zvekutanga kwekugona zvinoshandiswawo nevanhu vakawanda.
Mapurogiramu epamusoro akakurudzira vanotsigira avo vanogona kukurudzira basa kune vamwe vanogona kutsigira, kana kunze kwemasvikiro, zvichiwedzera kuwedzerwa kweprojekti.
06 - Ngatitangei pamwe chete: zvikwata zvevanhu vakawanda zvinounza mari (Deloitte)
Deloitte anofanotaura kuti vanhu vakawanda vanofambisa zvikwata vachamutsa $ 3 bhiriyoni muna 2013, kaviri muwandu wegore ra2011.
Ichi chikwata chekutsvakurudza, chakabudiswa nehuwandu hwezvekutsvakurudza, Deloitte, chinoongorora 4 mazana emapoka evanhu vakawanda , inotarisa kuwedzerwa kwekuwedzerwa kwemazuva ekupedzisira, uye inotarisa izvo vanhu vakawanda vanogona kutaridzika sei mumakore mashoma.
07 - Kuwanda kwemashamba evanhu vakawanda veUnited States vanofungidzirwa neUC Berkeley
Ikoji yeUnijini yeUC Berkeley's Program yeInnovation mu Entrepreneurial uye Social Finance yakashandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti uwane maonero ekutengeserana kwevanhu vakawanda. Inotangira kubva ku $ 184M kusvika ku $ 1.59B, mhizha yevanhu vakawanda inotarisira kukura nokukurumidza.
Kana chikwereti chamangwana uye mutengo wemakambani yaiva 1% yeirosi yekutsinhanisa - kuburikidza nekushandura kana kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi matsva-misika yeUnited States yaizova $ 184M.
08 - Tanga Dambudziko Rakaoma Kana Kuenda Kumba: Kufanotaura Kubudirira Kwemakambani eKickstarter [pdf]
Vincent Etter muSwitzerland mudzidzi uyo akadzidza gurufunding sechikamu chekutsvakurudza kwake kune PhD yake. Akabudisa zvaakawana mune pepa Rokutanga Hard kana Go Home: Kufanotaura kubudirira kweKickstarter Campaigns (pdf) . Izvozvo zviwanikwa zvakawana imba yavo kuCalkick, chigadzirwa chinofanotaura kubudirira.
Kunyanya, Etter akawana zvinhu zvitatu zvinobatsira pakufanotaura kubudirira kweKickstarter campaign:
- iyo mari yakabvumirwa munguva
- tweets ine tambo yekubatanidza kumushandirapamwe
- vatsigiri uye ukama hwavo nevamwe
09 - Crowdfunding Models: Chengetedza-iyo-Zvose-kana-Hapana
Makomborero-based based crowdfunding campaigns anowanzopiwa mune rimwe remhando mbiri: "Chengeta-iyo-Zvose" (KIA) apo inyanzvi yezvokutengeserana inogadzirisa chinangwa chekubhadhara mari uye inochengeta yose yakawanda yakasimudzwa pasinei kana ichisangana nechinangwa chayo, kana " Zvose-kana-Hapana "(AON) apo inyanzvi yezvokutengeserana inoisa chinangwa chekubhadhara mari uye haichengete chinhu kunze kwekuti chinangwa chikaitika.
Iyi pepa inonakidza kubva kuvatsvakurudzi paYunivhesiti yeYork inotarisa kubudirira kwemasvomisi evanhu vaviri. Pane mumwe anowanikwa zvakajeka ...
10 - Gender Dynamics muCrowdfunding
Mazano mashoma ekubhadhara mari anoita seanofarira vakadzi. Vakadzi vezvemabhizimisi vanowana 19 kubva muzana chete yemutumwa ekubhadhara uye nezvemazana matanhatu kubva muzana ekutengeserana, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuti vakadzi vave nekambani dzinogona kukura nekubudirira.
3 vatsvakurudzi vakatarisa dambudziko rezvemadzimai rinosangana nemishandirapamwe yevanhu vakawanda uye zvinoitika kuti vakadzi vane nguva yakaoma yekusimudza mari kuburikidza ne crowdfunding.
11 - Kuongororwa kwekukurudzirwa Masangano muUtano Hwokubatana
Vanotsvakurudza kubva kuYunivhesiti yePurdue vanoongorora kuti masangano ekukurudzira mu crowdfunding ( mibairo ) inokanganisa kufarira kwevanhu uye kukurudzira kuburikidza nekupa zvikwereti kumapurogiramu evanhu vakawanda.
12 - Mushure meMushandirapamwe: Zvibereko zveCrowdfunding
Chii chinoitika kune kambani mushure mekubudirira kwevanhu vakawanda? Ichi chidzidzo chinotarisa kutarisa.
Iko yakanyanya kuwandisa (inopfuura 90%) yemapurogiramu akabudirira yakaramba ichienderera mberi makore 1-4 mushure mekuita kwavo. Takawana kuti 32% yezvinhu izvi zvose zvinorondedzerwa gore roga roga mari inopfuura $ 100,000 pagore kubva muKickstarter campaign, uye yakawedzera muvhareji yevashandi 2.2 kubudirira kweprojekti. Ongororo iyi yakaratidzawo kuti kuunganidza vanhu vakawanda kwakapa zvakawanda zvingabatsire kunze kwemari yakawanda.