"Indaneti inofanira kuramba yakasununguka. Tichadzivirira hutsika hwekombiyuta yakazaruka, zvose mumakiromita ekupedzisira pamwe chete nepamusoro pokubatana." - Mutungamiriri wekare weCCC Tom Wheeler
Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu aya haana kuramba kwenguva refu. Musi waDecember 14, 2017, FCC yakasarudza 3-2 kubvisa kusarerekera.
Izwi reNetral
Maererano neWatchpedia, internet kana "net" neutongerwe enyika inofanira kushanda pamutemo wekuti "Vashandi veIndaneti vanopa (ISPs) uye hurumende dzinofanira kubata zvinhu zvose paInternet zvakaenzana, kwete kusarura kana kukwereta zvakasiyana siyana nemushandisi, zvayo, site, platform, application, rudzi rwezvinhu zvakabatanidzwa, kana nzira yekukurukurirana. "
Pfungwa yekusava neutongerwe enyika yakatanga kuparidzirwa nemudzidzisi wepamutemo wepampamende weTim Wu munyaya yake ye2003, Network Neutrality, Broadband Discrimination. Muchiri, Wu anotaura nezvezvinhu zvose zvekusarerekera, kureva pakati pekushandiswa ("apps"), pakati pe data nehutano hwebasa (QoS) -kusava nemugwagwa, uye nengozi dzekutengesa mbiri dzeIndaneti.
Canada (uyo achangobva kugadza mitemo mitsva inopesana nemitemo), European Union (EU) nedzimwe nharaunda dzave dzichirwisana nekusagadzikana mune zvematongerwe enyika mumakore achangobva kupfuura, uye chikamu chikuru chiri nemitemo maererano nevekupedzisira kweCCC kutonga. Muna 2009, reCanada Radio-TV neTelcommunications Commission (CRTC) yakagadzirisa zvakasimba mitemo yekusagadzikana kwematongerwe enyika inotarisirwa kudzivirira bandwidth throttling (kurerutsa kushanda kweIPs), kugadziriswa kwekurumidza uye kunonoka kufamba, uye kubvisa webhusaiti.
Kuenzanisa Munda Wekushandisa NeNetal
Kubva kune e-business perspective, vanosimudzira kusava nekutengesa kwenyika vanotaura kuti ichapa vatengesi vashoma mukana wakanaka wokufema paIndaneti, kusava nega vanobudirira, pavanotarisana nemasangano makuru uye magweta avo vane hanya nevakatsigira. Mabhizimisi maduku uye mashoma-kati ndeye rutivi rweAmerica's economic economy, saka hazvina musoro kuti tipe zvinhu zvakawanda (bandwidth, hardware infrastructure, etc.) pane zvinonzi "fast lane" internet iyo chete vapfumi vanogona kuwana nguva dzose. Ichakuvadza zvigadzirwa zvekugadzirwa nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, nekusiya simba rakawandisa uye simba mukati memaoko evashoma vasarudzwa. Hapana kana kuti hakuna munhu anoda kudzokera kune nguva yebhonji yekupamba uye kushandisa oligopolistic capitalism:
"Indaneti ndiyo nzvimbo yakasimba uye yakapararira pasi rose. Zvakangoitawo zvakakosha kuti urege kusiiwa usina mitemo uye pasina mutambi ari mumunda." - FCC chairman Tom Wheeler
Inzwi Mukuda KweNetaliti
I Obama nehurumende dzakasiyana-siyana dzinotungamira motokari yekusava neutongerwo enyika uye kushambadzira kweIndaneti sehurumende inobatsira. Kumusoro kwemamiriyoni mana eAmerica vakapa zvivimbiso zvepamutemo paC FCC kuti vashorwe nemishandirapamwe nevatengi vemafeteri vakaita seVerizon naComcast vaine chinangwa chekubvumira kutsvaga kana "kutsvaga nzira" yeIndaneti.
Inzwi rakanaka rekusava neutongerwo enyika rinosanganisira:
- Vinton Cerf, co-inventor weInternet Protocol (IP).
- Tim Berners-Lee, Musiki weWorld Wide Web (WWW).
- 'Last Week Tonight' mukuru John Oliver.
- American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).
- The Electronic Frontier Foundation.
- Greenpeace.
- Kickstarter.
- Vimeo.
- Mozilla Foundation.
- Senetare Bernie Sanders (I-Vermont).
- IInternational Association (kubatana kwekambani 39 makambani emakambani eInternet kusanganisira Amazon, Facebook, neGoogle.)
Chikonzero nei Net Neutral Isati Yakabviswa
Vanhu veAmerica vachifarira rusununguko rwekusava neutongerwo enyika rwakanga rwakafunga kuti nyaya yacho yakagadziriswa yakanga iri mukunyengera kusina maturo.
Kunyange zvazvo chisarudzo chinokosha cheBlue Communications Commission (FCC) musi waFebruary 26, 2015 zvichida chakawana kurapwa kweInternet semuzinda wevanhu vose ( Chechi yechipiri II ), zvigadzirwa zvezvematongerwe enyika zvakagadzirisa kushandura tsamba uye mweya wekusava neutongerwo enyika mitemo yaive iri munzvimbo isina makore maviri.
Idzi ndidzo dzakanyanya kuitika "
1. Chisarudzo cha2016 chaDonald J. Trump seMutungamiri weUnited States.
Mutungamiriri weTrump aimbove asina kumboenda kuHovhesiti yeOval yakatungamirirwa nekusanganiswa kunoshamisa kwehupfumi hwevanhu vezvematongerwo enyika, nativism, uye kusavhiringidza kunofadza kwemaAmerica, vezvematongerwo enyika uye varaidzo.
Izvo zvichitaurirwa, maonero aTrump pamusana pekusarerekera kwematare zvakaoma kugadzirisa, sezvo akanyorwa seanotsoropodza Big Cable (semuenzaniso Verizon, Comcast, AT & T) maitiro ezvimwechete. Kunyange zvakadaro, anogona kunge achidzokera kumashure emabhizimisi asina kubhadhara uye kuregererwa kwemashoko, uye anotsanangurira mazwi akakurumbira avo vanopesana nehutongerwe enyika husingaverengeki kwemakore. Izwi idzodzo rinosanganisira Peter Thiel, uye zviri pachena kuti Mutungamiri Trump ndiye akakurumbira zvikuru-tech-backer panguva yemushandirapamwe mukuru.
Zvinotonyanya kukosha, kukunda kweTump kwakatsigira Republican, kupesana nehutachiona hwehutongerwo enyika pane FCC Bhuku revatungamiri, rinotungamirirwa nemusununguri weCCC achangobva kusarudzwa (uye anokonzera kusagadzikana mune zvematongerwe enyika) Ajit Pai (ona pasi apa).
2. Kusarudzwa kweAjit Pai seSachigaro weNew FCC.
Sachigaro wePai's anti-net neutrality agenda yave yakajeka kubvira paakagadzwa kuKomisheni yeCCC neMutungamiri weAmerica Obama muna 2012. Muna 2015, uyo aimbova gweta reVerizon akanga ari mubvunzo wekuona uye anoyevedza, mumwe wevatungamiri vaviri vekuvhota kurwisana neutachiona. Sachigaro weCCC, VaPai vakaiswa panzvimbo yekubvisa mitemo iyi inokosha yekutengesa internet.
Musi waMay 18, 2017, itsva yeCCC yevhoti 2-1 yakanga iri danho rekutanga rezvematongerwo enyika rekuchinja kusapindira mune zvematongerwo enyika muUnited States. Uye vhoti inotevera munaDisemba 2017 yakarongedza zvakasununguka kodzero dzekusava neutongerwo enyika. Apo vamanikidzi vacharamba vachinyora nyaya yavo mumatare uye mahofisi eCongress, nokuti ikozvino kusapindira mune zvematongerwe enyika kwakafa.
Net Neutral Day Day Action: Kudzivirira Internet Freedom
Makambani akafanana neKickstarter, Reddit, neAmazon akafunga musi waJuly 12, 2017 se "Net Neutrality" Zuva reKushanda mukudzivirira rusununguko rwetaneti. Vakashandisa nzira dzakawanda dzekusika kudzidzisa nekuzivisa vanhu pamusoro pemigumisiro yakaipa yekudzorera FCC Title II kudzivirirwa kwaizove kune vose vemuAmerica pasinei nebasa, sangano rezvematongerwe enyika, mari yekunowana, nezvimwewo.
Imwe "Hondo yeNet" yakakurumbira yakatungamirirwa nemasangano matatu: Kurwira Kwemangwana, Kuda Kubudirira, uye Free Press Action Fund. Vanoda kuendesa kumusha zvinotevera:
- Kusapindira mune zvematongerwo enyika sehupfumi. Vadzimai vemadiki mabhizinesi, kutanga uye vatengesi vanoda internet yakazaruka kuti ikure, misika uye kubudirira.
- Kusapindira mune zvematongerwo enyika sekusununguka uye rusununguko . Kukosha kwekuchengetedza Kutevedzwa kweChipiri II paInternet kudzivirira mitambo yekutengesa maitiro kubva kudzivhara, kuputika kana kuti kupindira kune webhuta.
- Kusapindira mune zvematongerwo enyika sehutongi hwemadzinza uye hwemagariro evanhu. Kuchengetedza nhandare yemunharaunda yevaduku vashoma, mharaunda yeGGBT nedzimwe nhengo dzepamusoro dzakashungurudzwa kuti dzigadzire, dzigadzirise uye dzikure kunze kwekuti dzive ne "elektroni" kusarurwa kubva kune varindi vamasuo vane simba.
Kuti urege kufunga kuti mhirizhonga yakasununguka yekusagadzikana kwekodzero yakagadziriswa, cherechedza kuti kune mazwi akawanda anotaura uye ane simba anopikisa zvakasimba zvekupedzisira FCC kutonga. Kune rumwe rutivi rwekukakavadzana, uye mune imwe nyaya tinotsvaga nharo dzinopesana neIndaneti yakawanda , uye kuti kuwedzera kwezvisikwa uye innovation zvichabudiswa sei paIndaneti pasina ruoko rukuru rwemitemo yehurumende yeInternet .