Nepo inshurensi yevashandi inshumo inomiririra mune nyika dzakawanda, nzira iyo inotengeswa inotengeswa inosiyana kubva munyika kuenda kune imwe nyika. Zvizhinji zvematongerwo enyika zvinobvumira kutengesa kwevashandi mari yekudzivirira inshuwarisi nemakambani einishuwarenzi ari oga chero bedzi vaiti vehutsigiti vanosangana nehurumende yezvemari. Zvisinei, mashomanana anotaura dambudziko iri.
Hurumende imwe neimwe inoshandisa sangano rayo rekubhadhara vashandi, iro rinowanzotumidzwa sehofisi. Asi, basa rakananga mahofisi anoita zvinoparadzaniswa kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe.
Monopolistic States
Vashanu vanoti muUnited States vanorambidza kutengesa kwevashandi mari yehutano inshuwarisi nevanomwe vevhuisi vehupfumi. Pane kudaro, inishuwarenzi yevashandi inshumo inofanira kutengwa kubva mune mari yehurumende. Aya mashanu mashanu anonzi anonzi monopolistic states . Dzinosanganisira North Dakota, Ohio, Washington, uye Wyoming. Munguva yakapfuura, West Virginia neNevada vainyanya kutaurawo, asi ivo ikozvino mava nemusika wakashama.
Mune zvinyorwa zvina zvinonzi monopolistic inoti, nyika yehurumende inoita mabasa akawanda akafanana nee bureaus kana NCCI inoita kune dzimwe nyika. Mienzaniso inosvika pakuziva uye kugadzirisa zvirongwa zviduku .
NCCI States
Inenge zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvehurumende dzinonzi NCCI inotaura nokuti dzinonyorera kuNational Council on Compensation Insurance .
ICCI inobvumira vatsigiri vega vega kutengesa vashandi inshuwalense yevashandi.
Apo imwe neimwe yeCNCI inoti inoshanda pabasa rayo pabasa rekubhadhara, mahofisi anovimba neCNCI kuita mabasa akasiyana ekufambisa. Izvo zvakasarudzwa zvinoshandiswa neCNCI zvakasiyana nedzimwe nyika. Mune dzimwe nyika, NCCI inobata zvidzidzo zvehutano, kusanganisira kuverenga kwechiitiko chekuchinja . Inowedzera uye inochengetedza kusarudzwa uye chirongwa chinoshandiswa muNCCI. Mukuwedzera, NCCI inogadzira uye inoparidzira mafomu uye zvibvumirano izvo vashandi vanoshandisa kusunungura mazano ekubhadhara vashandi.
Independent States
Eleven states uye District of Columbia dzinonzi hurumende dzinozvimirira nokuti hazvibvumirane neCCCI. Izvi zvinosanganisira California, Delaware, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, uye Wisconsin. Sangano rinozvimiririra rinobvumira vatsigiri vega vega kuti vatengese vashandi inshuwalense yevashandi
Zvose zvehurumende dzinozvimiririra inoshandisa itsanho yega uye yehuwandu hwehutano. Aya maitiro kazhinji anowirirana zvakafanana neakagadzirwa neCNCI. Dhipatimendi rebazi revashandi mune imwe nyika rinoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana.
Semuenzaniso, mahofisi acho anowanzoverenga chiitiko chekuchinja, anounganidza purogiramu yekutanga uye kurasikirwa kubva kune vatsigiri, uye anovandudza vashandi vemari yevashandi kana mari yekurasikirwa inoshandiswa munharaunda iyoyo.
Texas uye Oklahoma
Texas neK Oklahoma ndiyo chete inotaura kuti haifaniri kuti vashandisi vega vega vashandise vashandisi ekubhadhara mari. Texas yakange iri "sarudzo yekubuda" kwemakore anopfuura zana. Cherechedza kuti vashandi veTexas vanodiwa kutenga inshuwarisi kana vachibvumirana nehurumende. Vashandi vasingatengi kutenga inshuwarisi vanorasikirwa nekudzivirira kwakakosha kupomerwa mhosva nekuvadzwa nevashandi . Semuenzaniso, havagone kuzvizvidzivirira pamusana pekuti kusazvidzivirira kwebasa kana kuti kusaregererwa kwekambani kwaita kuti mushandi akuvara. Kana vakarasikirwa nemhosva, vashandi vasina kuvimbiswa vangave vane mhosva yekupa mhosva kune chirango.
Oklahoma yakapura mutemo muna 2013 inobvumira vashandi kuti vashandise vashandi inshurensi yekubhadhara mari. Mutemo unobvumira vashandi kusarudza kana vachipa zvikwereti kune vakuvadzwa vari pasi peimwe nzira yekubatsira. Zvisinei, mutemo wakarondedzerwa kusagadzikana kwepamutemo mumakore ekutanga kwa2016 neK Oklahoma Workers Compensation Commission. Komisheni yakawana kuti zvikomborero zvakapiwa kuvashandi vari pasi pezvirongwa zvisingagadziriswa zvakanga zvisingasviki kune izvo zvakapiwa pasi pemutemo wevashandi vemutemo. Nguva yemberi yemutemo weKoff-opt-out is uncertain.
Yakarongwa naMarianne Bonner