Sei vashandi vanobhadhara mari muhurumende imwe yepamusoro kana kupfuura kune imwe mune imwe?
Pane zviitiko zvakawanda zvinogona kushandura mitero kumusoro kana pasi. Zvitanhatu zvei zvinorondedzerwa pasi apa.
Makomborero Anopiwa
Vakawanda vanoti vanotora mhando dzakadaro dzezvibatsiro zvekukuvadza kunobata basa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kurapwa kwezvehutano, urema (kurasikirwa kwemari), kugadziriswa kwemhizha, uye kubatsira kwekufa (kune vanopona). Zvisinei, muwandu wezvikomborero zvakapiwa hazvifambidzani kune dzimwe nyika. Mamwe magwaro anopa zvikomborero zvakapfuura kupfuura vamwe. Batsiro inodhura mari yakakwirira zvakanyanya kubatsirwa kunogona kutungamirira kumazinga akare.
Kuti uratidze kuti zvikomborero zvakasiyana sei, fungidzira kuti umwe wevashandi vaviri akatambura kurasikirwa kwekunzwa mune imwe nzeve nekuda kwenjodzi yemagetsi. Mumwe mushandi anogara muHurumende A apo imwe inogara muHurumende B. Mushandi muHurumende A anogamuchira mavhiki makumi manomwe ekuremara asi mushandi muHurumende B anogamuchira vhiki 49 chete. Vashandi vakaramba vachikuvara zvakafanana asi mumwe anogamuchira 42% muhomwe dzekuremara kune imwe.
Vamwe vanoti zvinoderedza mamwe marudzi ematsiro. Semuenzaniso, mvumo yekubhadhara vashandi vehurumende inogona kubvumira mushandi kubva kugamuchira mavhiki anopfuura 500 ekurasikirwa mari kune rumwe rudzi rwekukuvadza runoguma nekuremara kwekusagadzikana zvachose. Imwe hurumende inogona kupa zvikwereti zvisingagumi zvekuremara kwekukuvara kumwechete.
Kukuvara Kwakapedzwa
Mamwe marudzi ekukuvadzwa angave akafukidzwa nemutemo wevashandi vemuhurumende imwe chete asi kwete imwe. Semuenzaniso, vamwe vanotaura nezvekukuvara kwepfungwa, zvakadai sekuzvidya mwoyo kana kuora mwoyo, kana bedzi kana zvichibva kune in-the-work physical injury. Mamwe magwaro anovhara mupfungwa-kungokuvadza pane imwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Chimwe chiitiko ndechekugadzirisa dambudziko kushungurudzika kunokonzerwa nechiitiko chinotyisa chekuita zvechisimba kumabasa.
Kutaura nezvekubhadhara vashandi mitemo mitemo yakasiyanawo nenzira iyo vanoisa nayo comorbidities (mamiriro ezvinhu aripo) sekuwedzeredza kana chirwere chemwoyo. Kurwadziwa kwemwoyo kunogona kubhadhara mune dzimwe nyika kana zvichiguma nekuwedzera kwekusimudzira kwakasimba munguva yebasa. Dzimwe hurumende dzingave dzisina kufukidza mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.
Mamiriro emitemo anotarisawo maererano nemhando dzezvirwere zvebasa zvavanowedzera. Zvizhinji zvehurumende zvinodzivirira zvirwere zvipi zvese zvinowanikwa mubasa zvinosangana nezvimwe zviyero. Dzimwe hurumende inongorapa zvirwere zvese zvakanyorwa mumutemo (zvakadai seasbestosis uye silicosis).
Rating Procedures
Nzira iyo vashandi vanobhadhara mitengo yakashandiswa inosiyana kubva munyika kuenda kune imwe nyika. Munguva yakapfuura, nyika dzakawanda dzakavimba neCNCI kana hofisi yehurumende yekubhadhara vashandi kuti vaverenge mutengo.
Vamwe vanoti vachiri kutevedzera tsika iyi.
Mazuva ano, zvisinei, vazhinji vanoti vanoshandisa kukwikwidzana . Pasi pemitemo yekukwikwidzana, vambisi vehurumende vanowanzobvumirwa kukudziridza matanho avo zvichienderana nekurasikirwa kwebhadharo inopiwa neNCCI kana kuti state office. Mitemo iyi yakagadzirirwa kuderedza vashandi mari yekubhadhara nekukwikwidza. Iri sarudzo harina kumbobudirira nguva dzose. California, iyo yakashandisa kuwirirana kwekukwikwidza kubva muna 1995, yaiva nematunhu akakwirira munyika iyi muna 2014.
Mimwe mitambo yokukwikwidza inorambidza vatsigiri vekuchengetedza kusashandisa chero zviyero zvisingagamuchirwi nehupfumi hwehurumende yehurumende. Zvisinei, mazhinji aya anotendera bhizimisi kuti vashandise mitero pakarepo kana vakavaisa nehofisi.
Occupational Differences
Matengo anogonawo kuchinjwa nemhando dzemabhizimisi umo vashandi vanoshandiswa.
Kusanganiswa kwemabasa kunoparadzaniswa kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe nyika. Mune dzimwe nyika nhamba zhinji dzevashandi dzinogona kushandiswa mumigodhi, kugovera mafuta, kugadzira miti uye mamwe mabasa ane ngozi . Vashandi vakadaro vanowanzokuvadzwa mubasa kupfuura avo vari mumabasa mashoma. Sezvo nhamba yekukuvadzwa inokwira, mitero inogona kumuka zvakare.
Mhosva uye Mhosva
Chimwe chikonzero chinokonzera vashandi mari yekubhadhara maitiro ndezvokuita kwevashandi kuisa zvikwereti, zvikurukuru nezvekuremara. Vashandi mune dzimwe nyika vane mikana yakawanda kudarika avo vari mune dzimwe nzira yekutsvaga rubatsiro rwekuremara.
Kunewo maonero akasiyana kubva kuhurumende kusvika kune humwe muhutano hwevashandi zvikwereti zvemhosva zvinosanganisira varairi. Sezvo gweta rinopinda rinokura muhurumende, mitero inogona kunge yakasimudzwa.
Kusiyana Kwemari
Zvimwe zvinhu zviviri zvinoita kuti vashandi vatsigire mitengo inoshandiswa pakurapa uye mubhadharo. Mari yezvechiremba inokanganisa zvikuru kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yenyika kune imwe. Kuvhiyiwa kwebvi nyore kunogona kudhura $ 3000 mune imwe nyika uye $ 15,000 mune imwe. Dzimwe hurumende dzinorayira kushandiswa kwezvirongwa zvinogadzirisa mari kune vanoipa. Mune dzimwe nyika vateresi vanobhadharwa mari yakabhadharwa uye hapana purogiramu inoshanda.
Vashandi vanobhadhara mitemo vanopa zvipo zvekuremara zvichienderana nemubhadharo wevashandi wevhiki nevhiki. Kana mubairo uchikwira mune imwe nyika, mutengo unogona kuwedzera zvakare.