Ikuti Inishuwarensi Mitengo Inotungamirirwa Sei

Mutemo uri paHurumende yeNyika, Kwete Federal

Sezvo mutengi webhizinishuwarenzi bhizinesi , ungangodaro wakashamisika kuti ndeupi anogadzirisa mari yaunobhadhara pamatongerwo emabhizimisi . Ko mabhizimisi anogona kutora chero zviyero zvavanosarudza here kana kuti mitengo inoshandiswa nevatongi? Vati vatsigiri vanogadzwa nehurumende kana hurumende yehurumende here? Nyaya ino ichapindura mibvunzo iyi.

Inishuwarensi Mitengo inotungamirirwa neHurumende

Makambani emishuwarenzi anotungamirirwa nehurumende. Hurumende imwe neimwe ine dare rinodzora rinotarisira nyaya dzeshuwarenzi.

Mutumbi uyu unowanzoti Dhipatimendi reInishuwarenzi, asi vamwe vanoti vanoshandisa mamwe mazita. Mienzaniso ndiyo Office yeInishuwarenzi (Washington) uye Division of Financial Regulation (Oregon). Dhipatimendi re inshuwarisi rinotungamirirwa nekomisheni. Zvichienderana nehurumende, inishuwarenzi inogona kugadzwa kana kusarudzwa.

Zvose zvinotonga zvinoshandiswa mune mamwe marudzi e inshuwarisi. Kuwanda kwehutungamiri kunoparadzaniswa zvikuru kubva kuhurumende kuenda kune imwe nyika. Dzimwe hurumende dzinoshanda nesimba zvakasimba apo vamwe vanoisa zvishoma zvishoma. Zvizhinji zvehurumende zvinowira kune imwe nzvimbo pakati.

Sei Tisingaiti Gwaro Rehurumende?

Makambani akawanda einishuwarenzi anoita bhizimisi kumativi ose enyika. Vashomanana vanoita bhizinesi munharaunda yese zvese. Sei vasina inshuwarisi vachigadzwa nehurumende yehurumende? Mhinduro yacho iri mumutemo wakapfuura muna 1945 unonzi McCarran-Ferguson Act. Uyu mutemo unopa hurumende simba rekutonga mabhizimisi. Mutemo wakagadzwa mukuita sarudzo yeDare Repamusorosoro reUnited States gore rapfuura.

Dare rinotonga kuti bhizimusi re inshuwarisi rakaita sangano rekudyidzana. Izvi zvaireva kuti hurumende yehurumende yaiva nekodzero yekutonga inshuwarisi.

Dare reDare Repamusorosoro rakatyisidzira kuwedzera hurumende yeinishuwarenzi nekubvisa kutonga kwehurumende. Inonzi McCarran-Ferguson Act inodzorera simba kune nyika.

Inopa hurumende kodzero yekubhadhara uye kutonga vatengesi. Zvisinei, mutemo une zvinhu zvitatu zvakasiyana:

• Vatsigiri vanozviisa pasi pehurumende inopesana nekutendeseka inoita kusvika pamwero wavasina kutongerwa nemitemo yehurumende.
• Hurumende yehurumende inogona kupedza mitemo yemishuwarenzi inokunda mitemo yehurumende.
• Vatsigiri vanozviisa pasi pemitemo yezvematongerwo enyika vachidzivisa kuti vaite chero kupi zvako kunopesana, kuomesa kana kutyisidzira.

Muna 2010 Congress yakaparidzira Dodd-Frank Act, iyo yakaisa mitemo mitsva yakawanda pamusoro pezvemari. Mutemo wakagadza Federal Insurance Office (FIO). Iyi sangano inhengo yeDhipatimendi reMari yeUnited States. Yakasikwa kuti iongorore indasitiri yeinishuwarenzi kuti ione kuti iri mari yakasimba. IFIO inhengo yezano chete. Haina simba rekutonga pamusoro pevatsigiri.

Purpose of Rate Regulation

Kune zvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana nei nyika inotonga bhujhuti yemari. Chimwe ndechekuvimbisa kuti mitero haisi kunyanyisa. Kana pasina mutemo, vatsigiri vanogona kutengesa mitero yakakwirira kwazvo uye iyo inoita mari yakawanda. Chimwe chechipiri chinopesana, kuti uone kuti mitero haisi pasi. Anishuwarenzi anotengesa zvakaderera pasi mari inogona kutengesa mitemo yakawanda , asi inoshaya mari yekubhadhara zvikwereti. Matengo anofanira kunge akakwana kuitira kuti vatsigiri vatsva varambe vachigadzirisa.

Chinangwa chechitatu che inshuwarisi ndechekudzivirira kusaruramisira kusina kunaka. Inishuwarenzi vashandi vehurumende vanobvumirwa kusarura kune vamwe vashandi ve inshuwarisi pamusoro pevamwe, asi zvikonzero zvinofanira kuva zvakakodzera. Semuenzaniso, vanyori vanogona kupa mari yakakwirira kana yakaderera maererano nenhoroondo yematongerwo enyika. Bhizimisi risina kubhadhara mari yepamusoro yemotokari inogona kubhadhara mari shoma yekutengeserana kwehurumende yepamutemo pane yebhizimisi rakafanana iro rakatsigira vazhinji kurasikirwa nemotokari. Vanonyora pasi vanogonawo kusarura zvichienderana nehupenyu hwehutano. Anishuwarenzi anogona kutora mari yakawanda kuti atsigire chivako chisina vadziriri vemoto pane chivako chakafanana chakazara.

Vatsigiri vanovharirwa pakusarura avo vanoita zvematongerwo enyika zvichienderana nezvinhu zvisingabatanidzi njodzi dzinopihwa. Mienzaniso inomhanya, chitendero uye nyika.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa kutarisa mamwe marudzi e inshuwarisi asi kwete vamwe. Semuenzaniso, vazhinji vanobvumira vatsigiri vekutarisa kufunga nezvezera, zvepabonde uye zvekuroorana mumamiriro ekuenzanisa kwehupfumi hwemoto. Zvinhu izvi hazvibatsiri kune zvekutengeserana zvekutengeserana .

Mhando dzeMari Mitemo

Zvose zvese zvinoshandisa imwe kutonga pamusoro pemitengo inoshandiswa nevatsigiri. Zvisinei, inshuwarisi yemari yemitemo inowanzosiyana kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe nyika. Vamwe vanoti vane mitemo yakasimba inoda kubvumidzwa kusati kwabvumirwa nemitengo yose. Vamwe vane mitemo yakatsauka iyo inoda kusati yatenderwa. Vakawanda vanoda kubvumirwa kare kune mamwe mazinga.

Kune zvitanhatu zvakasiyana siyana zve inshuwarisi yemitemo.

1. Vasati vabvumirwa Vatsigiri vanofanirwa kuisa mitero kuhutano hwehurumende simba uye kumirira kubvumirwa vasati vashandise. Mune dzimwe nyika, iyo inshurensi inogona kufunga kuti mari yacho yakagamuchirwa kana isina kunzwa zvakasiyana nedhipatimendi re inshuwarisi munguva yakatarwa (yakadai sezuva 90).
2. Faira uye Shandisa Inishuwarenzi inofanira kuisa mitero yavo nesangano rinotungamirira asi inogona kutanga kuvashandisa pakarepo mushure mekunyora.
3. Shandisa uye File Insurers ingashandisa zvitsva zvitsva pakarepo asi unofanira kuzviisa nemutevedzeri munguva yakatarwa.
4. Kugadziriswa Pre-Approvance Vaitikiti vanofanirwa kugamuchira kutanga kugamuchirwa chete nehuwandu hwekuchinja huri mugumisiro wekuvandudzika kana kuora kwehutsigisi yekurasikirwa kweruzivo.
5. Flex Rating Vafambisi vanofanira kutsvaga kubvumirwa kwehuwandu hwekuchinja huri kupfuura huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu. Semuenzaniso, vatsigiri vanogona kudiwa kuti vawane mvumo yapamberi kana vachiwedzera kana kuderedza mitengo yavo neanopfuura 5%.
6. Hapana Chekubhadhara Vaitikiti havakwanisi kuisa mareji kana kuwana mvumo kubva kune mutongi.

Vazhinji vehurumende vanoshandisa kusanganiswa kwemitemo iyi. Semuenzaniso, hurumende inogona kuda vatsigiri vekutsvaga kuti vawane kugamuchirwa kwemazinga anoshandiswa mumiganhu yevanhu, asi bvumira bhizinesi kuti va "faira uye vashandise" mari inoshandiswa mumagetsi ekutengeserana. Nhamba yepamusoro yepamutemo mitemo inobvumira hurumende dzehurumende kuti dzirege mitemo yakatoiswa. Semuenzaniso, inishuwarenisi mutungamiri anogona kubvisa inshurensi kubva kushandiswa kwemitengo yakaiswa pasi pe "mutemo uye kushandisa" mutemo pamusana pokuti mitengo haina kukwana.

Iyo mitanhatu mitemo yemitemo inorondedzerwa pamusoro apa inowanzogoverwa muzvikamu zviviri: mitemo yekugamuchirwa kare uye mitemo yekukwikwidzana. Kukwikwidza mitemo mitemo ishoko rinobatanidza iro rinosanganisira mitemo yose yekutarisa kunze kweiyo inoda kuti mizinga inotanga kugamuchirwa.

Parizvino, vashomanana chete ndivo vane mvumo yekubvumirana kare iyo inoshanda kune marudzi ose e inshuwarisi. Inenge chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu chehurumende hachina mutemo wekubvumirwa kare. Nyika dzakasara dzine musanganisi wekubvumirana kwakapfuura uye mitemo yekukwikwidza. Kazhinji, mari inoshandiswa mubhizimusi bhizimusi inotungamirirwa nemitemo isina kudarika iyo inoshandiswa muhutano inshuwarisi.

Matambudziko Anotanga Kugamuchirwa

Pamberi pemitemo yemvumo inobva pane pfungwa yokuti hurumende inopindira inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti mitero yakakwana asi kwete yakawandisa. Munguva yakapfuura, vazhinji vezvematongerwo enyika vatsigira pfungwa iyi. Mumakumi mashoma emakore akapfuura, zvisinei, vezvematongerwo enyika vakaona kuti mvumo yekubvumirwa kare inogona kugadzirisa zvinetso zvakakomba.

Nechinhu chimwe chete, chirongwa chekuyera chinobva pamvumo yapamberi chinodhura. Vose vatsigiri vehurumende nehurumende vatungamiri vanofanira kushandira vashandi kuti vaone kuti mitero inotumirwa uye inoongororwa maererano nemutemo. Inishuwarenzi inoshanda mumatunhu akawanda ane mutoro unowedzera, sezvo zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa zvinosiyana kubva munyika kuenda kune imwe nyika. Mari inoshandiswa nevatsigiri vehurumende uye masangano ehurumende anotapurirwa kune inshuwarisi vatengi. Nokudaro, mutengo unowanzowedzera mukubvumirana kwekutanga kune kune avo vane mitemo yekukwikwidzana.

Chechipiri, mvumo yekugamuchirwa kwepamutemo inogadzira zvikwereti zviri pasi. Vatongi vanowanzoramba kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kukumbirwa nevatsigiri, vachiita kuti kuwedzerwa kunonoke. Kana mitero yakanyanya kuderera, bhizimisi vanorasikirwa nemari. Apo maitirwo ekupedzisira anowedzera, vatsigiri vezvemari vanowedzera. Chigumisiro chacho ndechokuisa mari uye kurasikirwa.

Pamberi pemitemo yemvumo inogonawo kugadzira kupera kwemishuwarenzi. Kana zvikwereti zvakanyanya kuderera kuvhara bhizimisi rekurasikirwa uye mari, vamwe vatsigiri vanobva muhurumende. Vamwe vanozeza kupinda. Mhedzisiro yakaderedzwa kuwanikwa kweinishuwarenzi. Basa uye chisarudzo chezvibereko zvinogona kutambura. Kana mitero yakanyanya kuderera, vambisi vehurumende vane zvishoma zvinokurudzira kuvaka michina mitsva kana kuvandudza kushanda.

Pakupedzisira, mvumo yekugamuchirwa kwemutemo inogona kutungamirira kune kuwedzera kwevatengi vengozi yepamusoro pakugadzirisa zvirongwa zvengozi . Izvi zvirongwa zvinofanirwa kuva misika yekushandiswa kwekupedzisira. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa vatengi vane ngozi yakawanda vasingakwanisi kuwana mutemo kubva kune anowiridzi weupima. Asi, apo inshuwarisi isingawanikwi ne "inshuwarisi" nguva dzose, vatengi vengozi yepamusoro vanomanikidzwa kupinda muzvirongwa zvengozi.

Kubatsira kweKuita Kushinha

Nemhaka yezvinetso zvakabatanidzwa nemitemo yekugashira, vazhinji vehurumende vakashandura mitemo yavo yekutonga kuburikidza nekugadzira kukwikwidzana. Mitemo yekukwikwidzana inokonzerwa nepfungwa yokuti kukwikwidzana kuchabereka mazinga asingasviki kana kuderera. Mitemo iyi yakabudirira muhurumende dzakawanda nekuti indasitiri yehushuwarisi yakasiyana zvikuru. Kune makambani akawanda emishuwarenzi, uye hakuna rimwe rakakura zvokuti rinogona kudzora mumusika. Maererano neUnited Information Institute, paive nepamusoro pe 2500 pfuma / kuurayiwa kwevashandi vanoita muUnited States muna 2015.

Mitemo yekukwikwidzana inopa huwandu hwezvakabatsiri kune vanotengesa inshuwarisi. Imwe ndiyo yakaderera mitengo. Vatsigiri vanogona kuderedza mitero yavo apo vanoziva kuti vanogona kukumutsa nokukurumidza kuti vatsigire kurasikirwa. Chechipiri, vatsigiri vezvemari vanoshanda zvakanyanya pasi pechikwata chekukwikwidza. Apo purogiramu uye kurasikirwa zvinofanirwa kutarisirwa, vamwe vatsigiri vachapinda muhurumende. Sezvo nhamba yevanishuwarenzi inowedzera, kukwikwidzana pakati pevatsigiri vanowedzera zvakare. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza mitengo yakaderera. Zvinetso zvekukwikwidza zvinokurudzirawo vatsigiri vekugadzirisa basa ravo uye kusiyanisa michina yavo yekukwezva vatengi.

Pakupedzisira, kukwikwidzana kunokonzera kudiwa kuduku kwezvirongwa zvengozi. Apo mabhizimisi vari kutsvaga vatengi vatsva, vazhinji vanozvitengesa vanotengesa vanogona kuwana kugoverwa mumusika wakazara. Zvigadziriswa zvirongwa zvinogona kuitika sezvinodiwa, uye hazvizopikiswi nevhizinesi vezveseri.