Ubwero
Mhedzisiro huru pakati pekuchengetwa kwebasa rekuchengetedza uye inyanzvi yemishandiro yehutori ndiyo maitiro ehudziri.
A inshuwarisi yekambani yekambani inowanikwa nevatori vayo. Inogona kunge yakachengetwa pachedu kana kuti inotengeswa pachena. A stock insurer inopa zvikwereti kune vagoveri muhupenyu hwezvikamu. Zvimwe, inogona kushandisa purofiti yekubhadhara chikwereti kana kuvadzorera zvakare mukambani.
Imwe kambani yehutano inshuwarisi inowanikwa nevatongi vayo. Kuwedzerwa kunogona kugoverwa kune avo vanochengetedza sarudzo muchimiro chezvikwereti kana kuchengetedzwa ne inshurensi mukutsinhana kwekudzikisa mubhadharo yemangwana yemberi.
Mitsva uye Mari
Nhengo mbiri uye makambani emishandisirwo emishuwarenzi vanowana mari kuburikidza nekuunganidza mihorosiyamu kubva kuvatsigiri vemazano. Kana iyo premiums iyo inshupiri inounganidza kudarika mari inobhadharwa nokuda kwekurasikirwa uye mari, iyo inshuwarheni inowana rubatsiro rwekunyoresa. Kana kurasikirwa uye mari zvinodarika zvikwereti zvakabatanidzwa, iyo inshurensi inotsigira kurasikirwa pasi pasi.
Sangano nemamwe makambani anowanawo mari kubva muzvikwereti. Zvisinei, maitiro avo ekutsvaga mari anowanzosiyana.
Makambani emakambani 'inonyanya kutumirwa ndeyekuwana mari kune vashandi. Nemhaka yekuti ivo vari pasi pekuongororwa nevashambadziri, makambani emabhizimisi anotarisa kuisa pfungwa pane zvinyorwa pamigumisiro yenguva pfupi. Vashandi vekambani vanogonawo kuisa mari yepamusoro-kubvumira (uye riskier) mari kupfuura makambani emakambani.
Mutauriri wezvemishandiro ehurumende ndeyekuchengetedza mari yekuwana zvinodiwa nevatongi.
Vashandi vezvematongerwo enyika havasi kunyanya kunetseka pamusoro pevatsigiri vezvemari kushanda kune vashandi vemakambani emakambani. Somugumisiro, vatambi vezvekuchengetedza hutsva vanofunga nezvezviitiko zvenguva refu. Izvo zvinowanzoita kupfuura mari yekuchengetedza mari yekuisa mari muzvigadziriswa, pasi-kutengesa zvinhu.
Mukuwedzera kune zvikwereti uye mari yekushandisa, makambani emabhizimisi ane chetatu chekuwana mari: mari yekutengeswa kwezvitoro. Apo bhizimisi re inshuva rinoda mari, rinogona kupa mitsva yakawanda yekutengesa. A mutual insurer haina kodzero iyi sezvo isiri yevashandi. Kana mumwe mutengesi achida mari, anofanira kukwereta mari kana kuwedzera mari .
Management
Vagadziri vekambani yekambani havana chavanoti muhutungamiri hwekambani kunze kwekuti vangavewo vashandi. Patsigiri rekuchengetedza, vashandi vehurumende ndivo vane pambani yekambani, saka vanosarudza bhidhiyo revatungamiri . Vagadziri vemazano vanogona kunge vane humwe huri nani pamusoro pemhando dzemishonga yemishuwarenzi iyo inopiwa nekambani. Vanowanikwawo zvikwereti kubva kune zvikwereti zvekambani.
Mari Inogadzikana
Rimwe ruzivo rwekuchengetwa kwebasa rekuchengetedza kwevashandi vanogadzikana. Nemhaka yekuti stock insurer ine mamwe maitiro ekusimudza mari, inogona kunge yakanakisisa kupfuura inyanzvi yekuchengetedza mari yekukunda matambudziko emari.
Chinhu chakaipa chikuru chekambani yekambani yakabatana ndiyo kuvimba kwekambani pamabhadharo emitemo semugove wekuwana mari.
A mutual insurer iyo isingagoni kukwidziridza mari inogona kumanikidzwa kunze kwebhizimisi kana kuziviswa kuti yakasununguka . Kana iyo kambani inotengeswa, policyholders inogona kuwana chikamu chemari kubva kutengeswa. A mutual insurer iyo inoshaya mari inogona kuva kambani yekutengesa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kunonzi demutualization.
Demutualization
Kazhinji, mutachiwana wekuchengetedza mari anogona kukanganisa chete kuburikidza nekubvumirwa kwevashandi vehurumende, bhodhi revatungamiri vehurumende, uye state insurance regulator. Mamwe makambani ane zvinhu zvitatu zvinoshandiswa pakutendeukira kune imwe kambani yekutengesa.
- Kunyaradza Kuzara. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandura kwakakwana kubva kune mumwe muteresi wechipatimendi kune imwe kambani yekutengesa. Vagadziri vematare vanowana mari, mazano emitemo, kana zvikamu mukambani yakasikwa yekambani.
- Dhimoni Dhimutualization. Vagadziri vemiti havagamuchiri chero mari kune imwe nyika kunze kwekodzero yekutenga mari mubazi idzva. Zvikamu zvezvitengo zvisati zvatengwa nevatongi vanogona kutengeswa kuvashambadziri muchikwata chinopiwa.
- Mutual Holding Company . Iyi sarudzo haisi kuwanikwa mune zvese zvese. Sangano rekubatana rinoshandiswa pamwe nesangano rinochengeterwa nhengo iro razhinji-rine kambani inobata. Vagadziri vemiti vanogamuchira hutano hwehuyo mukambani inobata asi kwete yevashandi vanobatanidzwa. Iyo inobatsira inotora utungamiri hweinishuwarenzi .
Most Are Are Stock Companies
Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, vazhinji vezvekutengesa vashandi vakatendeuka kumakambani emakambani nekuda kwematambudziko emari. Somugumisiro, ruzhinji rwevashandi veUnited States ndivo makambani emabasa. Maererano neNational Association of Insurance Commissioners, vatengesi vemabhizimisi vakachengetedza 78% yemari yakawanda uye mari inotengeswa yakachengetedzwa nevashushi veUnited States pakupera kwa2013. 18% chete yezvinhu izvi zvakabatwa nekutengesa vese.