Kusarudza Kubatsirwa Kunokosha kune Vashandi veNyika
Kubatsirana kwehutano kunoratidza kukwanisa kwekambani nekushanda. Kubatsirana kwehuwandu hwakaparadzaniswa kuva mhando mbiri: margins uye inodzoka. Zviratidzo zvinoratidza marginal zvinomiririra kukwanisa kwekambani yekushandura kutengesa madhora muzvikwereti pamatanho akasiyana ekuenzanisa. Zviratidzo zvinoratidza kudzokera zvinomiririra kukwanisa kwekambani kukwanisa kushanda kwese kwekambani mukugadzira kudzokera kune vagovana vavo.
Marginal Ratios
Purogiramu Yakawanda Inobatsira: Mari yakawandisa yemari inotarisa inotarisa mutengo wezvinhu zvakatengeswa sezana yekutengesa. Ichi chiyero chinotarisa kuti kambani inodzora sei mari yekutengesa kwayo uye yekugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvayo uye inozopedza zvinodiwa kune vatengi vayo. Iyo yakawanda iyo yakawanda yemari inobatsira mari , zviri nani kune kambani. Iko kuverenga ndeye: Gross Profit / Net Sales = ____%. Mamwe mazwi eyo equation anouya kubva kumashoko ekuwana mari .
Basa Rokushandira Margin: Inoshandisa purozi inozivikanwawo seEBIT uye inowanika pane zvinyorwa zvemari yekambani. EBIT inobhadhara mari isati yatora uye mitero. Iko kushandiswa kwebasa rekushandisa rinotarisa EBIT sepakati pekutengesa. Izvo zvinoshandiswa pakubhadhara mari yehuwandu kune chiyero chekushanda kwakakwana, kusanganisira zvose zvezvinoshandiswa zvemazuva ose, zvebhizimisi. Iko kuverenga ndeye: EBIT / Net Sales = _____%. Mamwe mazwi eyo equation anouya kubva kumashoko ekuwana mari .
Nyore Inobatsira Marita: Paunenge uine purogiramu yakajeka yeruzhinji kuongorora, mutevedzeri wemari inowanikwa inowanikwa kakawanda inowanikwa. Iko mari inoshandiswa mumatare inoratidza kuti mari yakawanda yekutengesa mari inoratidzika sei semutengo mushure mekunge mari yose inobhadharwa. Semuenzaniso, kana ruzha rwekuwana mari inosvika 5 muzana, izvo zvinoreva kuti masentimita mashanu emadhora ose anobatsira. Iko net net margin mitengo inobatsira mushure mekufungisisa kwezvinhu zvose zvinosanganisira mitero, kufarira, nekuderedza. Iko kuverenga ndeye: Net Revenue / Net Sales = _____%. Mazwi maviri equation anouya kubva kumutsara wekuwana.
Cash Flow Margin : Cash Flow Flow Margin chiyero chikamu chakakosha sezvo ichiratidza ukama huri pakati pemari yakabva mumabasa uye kutengesa. Kambani inoda mari yekubhadhara zvikwereti , vatengesi, chikwereti chebasa , nekutsvaga mari mune zvitsva zvehupfumi, saka mari yakakosha sechinhu chakanaka kune bhizinesi rebhizimisi. Iko Cash Run Margin chiyero chinokera kukwanisa kwekambani yekushandura kutengesa mumari. Iko kuverenga ndeyokuti: Kushamba kwemari kubva pakushanda kwemari inoshandiswa / Net sales = _____%. Nhamba yean equation inobva kuFirm Statement yeCash Flows . Iro denominator inobva muNhepfenyuro yeNyaya. Iyo yakawanda iyo inopera, iyo iri nani.
Kudzorera Ratios
Kudzoka paAsset (iyo inonziwo Kudzoka Kwekutsvaga): Chiyero chekudzoka kune zviyo inokosha kukosha kwehuwandu nokuti inotarisa kubudirira iyo iyo kambani inotarisira kushandiswa kwayo muzvinhu uye ichivashandisa kuunza purofiti. Inoyera huwandu hwebhadharo yakagadzirirwa maererano nehuwandu hwehutano hwekutsvaga mari muhupfumi hwose. Chiyero chekudzoka kwezvinhu chinowirirana nekutengeserana kwemafaji ehurumende . Iko kuverenga kwekudzoka kwezviyero zvemari ndeye: Net Revenue / Total Assets = _____%. Nheyo yeNetero inotorwa kubva kumutsara wekusvika, uye mari yose inotorwa kubva mubhadharo . Izvo zvakakwirira muzana, zviri nani, nokuti izvo zvinoreva kuti kambani iri kuita basa rakanaka achishandisa zvinhu zvayo kuunza kutengesa.
Kudzoka paEquity: The Return on Equity ratio ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yehutano hwemari kune vatyairi mukambani. Inotarisa kudzoka pamari iyo vatengesi vakaisa mukambani. Icho chiyero chavanogona kuti vatengesi vatarise pavanosarudza kuti kana kusaisa mari mukambani. Iko kuverenga ndeye: Net Revenue / Stockholder's Equity = _____%. Nhepfenyuro yemari inobva muchitatimho chekuwana mari, uye kubhadhara mari yevashandi kunobva kubhadharini. Pakati pese, inowedzera chikamu, zviri nani, nezvimwe zvisiri izvo, sezvo zvinoratidza kuti kambani iri kuita basa rakanaka achishandisa mari yevatengesi.
Cash Kudzoka Pamusoro Pemaari: Mari yekudzoka kwezviyero zvemari inowanzoshandiswa chete mune zvakanyanya kufambira mberi kwehuwandu hwekugoverwa. Inoshandiswa sekuenzanisa kudzoka pane zvinhu sezvo ichienzaniswa nemari kune ichi chiyero sekudzoka kwezvinhu zvinotaurwa pamusoro pezvikwereti . Mari inoshandiswa pamitemo inotevera. Iko kuverenga ndeye: Kushamba kwemari kubva kumabasa ekushanda / Nhamba Dzose = _____%. Nhamba iyo inotorwa kubva muStatement yeCash Flows uye denominator kubva mubhadharo. Izvo zvakakwirira peresenti, zviri nani.
Comparative Data
Kuenzanisa kwehuwandu hwehupfumi ndeye nzira yakanaka yekuongorora mari kana pane dhienzanisi ye data iripo. Izvozvo zvinofanirwa kuenzaniswa nedzimwe nhoroondo yedhoroondo yekambani nemadhondoro yedhesi.
Kuzvibatanidza Zvose Pamwe: DuPont Model
Kune zvakawanda zvakawanda zvemari - mari inoshandiswa , zvikwereti kana mari yehuwandu hwehutano, hutano kana hutano hwehutano hwekugadzirisa, uye huwandu hunobatsira - kuti zvinowanzooma kuona mufananidzo mukuru. Iwe unogona kubatanidzwa mune tsanangudzo. Imwe nzira iyo vatenzi vebhizimisi vanogona kushandisa kushandisa muchidimbu zviyero zvose kushandisa Dupont Model .
Dupont Model inogona kuratidza bhizinesi rebhizimisi iyo iyo chikamu chikamu chekudzoka kweAsset (kana kuti Return to Investment chiyeuchidzo chinobva kubva pamwe nekuenzanirana kweRovery on Equity) Somuenzaniso, ROA yakabva kune purofisi yakawanikwa kana kuti inotengeswa ? kuenzana kunobva pakutengesa mari, kubhadhara mari, kana kuti bhizinesi rezvemabhizimisi? Mhando yeDuPont inobatsira zvikuru kune vhizimisi vebhizimisi mukugadzirisa mune zvigadziridzo zvemari zvinoda kuitwa.