Zvose zvakanyatsorongedzwa shanduro
Chii chinonzi stratified random sampling?
Muenzaniso ndiyo mini-mumiriri wevanhu vakawanda.
Samples inogona kugadziriswa zvisina kurongwa kana zvakasikwa. Asi zviyero zvakanyatsogadziridzwa maererano nedzimwe nzira dzezvesayenzi zvinowanzoonekwa sechinyanya kukosha pakuita zvizere pamusoro pehuwandu hwevanhu.
Chii chinonzi stratified chinoreva?
Shanduro dzakasimbiswa dzinosanganisira masangano mashoma anokonzerwa kuti akasiyana nenzira dzinokosha. Chikwata chezvikamu zviduku zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotumidzwa sechidimbu. Iyi nzira yekuenzanisa nzira inoita kuti huwandu huve nekuparadzanisa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa nyore nyore zvisingasarudze.
Nei chimiro chakanyatsoshanda chiri chakanaka?
Chinangwa chetsika dzakasiyana-siyana ndechekusarudza vatori vechikamu kubva kumapoka akasiyana-siyana avo vanotenda kuti anoenderana nekutsvakurudza kuchaitwa. Semuenzaniso, migumisiro yekudzidza inogona kushandiswa nehutano huno , semakore avo, hutano, ruzivo rwehutano hwemabasa, dzinza uye dzinza, mararamiro emamiriro, huwandu hwezvidzidzo zvakawanikwa, nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Samuenzaniso yakanyatsogadziriswa inovakwa kuitira kuti izvo zvingave zvakakosha maitiro zvinogona kunyatsofungidzirwa kuratidza muenzaniso wezvinhu izvi muhuwandu hwevanhu vose. Nenzira iyi, muenzaniso unoratidza huwandu kubva kwahwo hwakatorwa, asi muenzaniso haugoni kutaurwa kuti unomiririra vanhu vazhinji .
Yeuka, kusarudzwa kwemitezo yemuenzaniso wakarongwa hakusi nzira isina kuitika. Izvozvo zvakati, kana chidimbu ichi chave chagadziriswa, shanduro isinganzwisisiki inoshandiswa kusarudza nhengo dzema sampuli pachidimbu chimwe nechimwe .
Chii chinotambudza chinoreva?
Chimwe chimiro chakasarudzwa chisingabvumirwi nokuti nzira imwe neimwe inoshandiswa kusarudza shanduko yevanhu inopa nzira yakajeka yakakwana yekufungidzira kuti vanomiririra samuenzaniso yevanhu ndeyeiyo yakakura (yakasikwa) yevanhu kubva pane iyo sarudzo yakasarudzwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, kusagadzikana kwemuenzaniso kunobvumira muongorori kuenzanisa maitiro ayo sarudzo yakasarudzwa anoita kana kuti haasi kureva vanhu vakawanda kubva pane iyo samuenzaniso yakatorwa.
Mienzaniso
Shandisa rakagadziriswa shanduro dzedzidzo apo kune ruzivo mune kusiyana pakati pemagumbeti akaenzana uye muenzaniso mukuru wevanhu pamwe chete.
Ngatitaurire kuti huwandu hwevatengi vebhizimisi hunogona kugoverwa mumapoka matatu: Gen-Xers, Gen-Yers (Millennial), uye Baby Boomers. Uyezve, tine chikonzero chekutenda kuti zvose Gen-Xers neGen-Yers zvishomanana zviduku zvebhizinesi rezvemabhizimisi. Gen-Xers inoumba anenge 5 kubva muzana yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevatengi uye Gen-Yers inoumba anenge 10 muzana yevateereri.
Muenzaniso unongoratidzirwa wevanhu zana (n = 100) unogona kuunza 5 Gen-Xers uye 10 Gen-Yers kana tikashandisa chikamu chemuenzaniso we 10 muzana. Zvingave zvigoneka kuwana kunyange zvishomanana Gen-Xers uye zvishoma Gen-Yers kupfuura izvo zviri mumuenzaniso - kungoerekana waitika. Stratification inogona kuunza zviratidzo zvinomiririra. Iti tinoda kuva nevanhu vanenge 25 muboka rimwe nerimwe. Kana tichiri kutora muenzaniso wezana (n = 100), zvino tinokwanisa kuverenga 25 Gen-Xers, 25 Gen-Yers, uye 50 Baby Boomers.
Tinoziva kuti 10 muzana yehuwandu hweMillennials kana Gen-Yers (kana kuti vanenge 100 vatengi vedu) Muenzaniso wekushambadzira wevashandi makumi maviri nevashanu vanopa chikamu chemukati-shanduro chikamu che 25/100 kana 25 muzana. Tinozivawo kuti 5 muzana pakati pemakambani makumi mashanu avo vasiri vana vana Boomers ndeGen-Xers Izvi zvinoreva kuti chikamu chemukati-chechishanu chichava 25/50 kana 50 muzana.
Saka, 50 Gen-Xers pamwe ne100 Gen-Yers inokwana 150 yemuenzaniso wevatengi vedu. Sezvo huwandu hwevaruzhinji ari 1000, tinobvisa Gen-Xers pamwe neGen-Yers (inokwana 150 vatengi) inosara vatengi 850, avo vari Baby Boomers. Chikamu chiduku chemukati-chechina cheMwana Boomers ndeche 50/850 kana anenge 5,88 muzana.
Zvinhu zviviri zvinooneka: (1) Mapoka matatu aya anowirirana mukati-boka kunze kwevanhu vose. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kune zvishoma zvakasiyana, izvo zvinopa mukana wekuwanda kwezvikwangwani zvakajeka . (2) Uye sezvo muenzaniso wacho wakanyatsogadziriswa, pachava nemapoka akakwana kubva kumapoka ega ega kuti ave nekwanisi kuita zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa .
Stratified sampling inogona kuve yakasarudzwa pamusoro pezvisinganzwisisiki shanduro apo zvakakosha kusimudzira huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu uye kuratidzira zvikamu zviduku zvevanhu, kunyanya apo zvikamu zviduku asi zvakasiyana nenzira dzinokosha. Nokushandisa shatified sampling nzira, mumwe mutsvakurudzi anogona kunyatsobudirira kuti zvikamu zvitsvene zvinogona kusiyaniswa mukukurukurirana kwekutsvakurudza kwakawanikwa.