- Danho 1 - Tsanangura dambudziko rekutsvaga uye zvinangwa
- Danho 2 - Ita hurongwa hwekutsvakurudza
- Danho 3 - Unganidza data kana ruzivo
- Danho 4 - Ongorora deta kana ruzivo
- Nhanho 5 - Itai kana kuparadzira zvitsva
- Danho 6 - Shandisa zvakagadziriswa kuita sarudzo
Mamiriro echipiri ekutsvakurudza kwemashamba - Ita chirongwa chekutsvakurudza chekare - chimwe chezviito zvakanyanyisa sezvo ine zvinyorwa zvakasiyana siyana. Chimwe chezvikamu izvi ndechekugadza kuti ndiani anokwanisa kupa ruzivo runowanzoenderana nemibvunzo yekutsvakurudza uye dzimwe sarudzo dzebhizimisi. Basa iri rinosanganisira kuvakwa kwechirongwa chekuenzanisa chichaita kuti data yakagadzirirwa inomiririra wezvinangwa zvose zvevanhu.
Kugadzirwa kwesarudzo yekuenzanisira kunotevera kusarudzwa kwekutsvaga kwekutsvakurudza uye zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kuunganidza deta . Iyo nzira inobatanidzwa pakuziva nekuwana samuenzaniso inozivikanwa pamwe chete seurongwa hwekuenzanisa . Muenzaniso unyanzvi iboka revanhu vanogona kutsvakurudza vatsva kana vaparidzi kubva pane iyo sampuli yeruzhinji ichagadzirwa uye kubva iyo sampuli ichazogadzwa pakupedzisira.
Pane imwe nguva chirongwa chekuongorora shanduro chave chichigadziridzwa, uye shanduro yechirongwa yakasimbiswa, ipapo muchengeti wemuchengesi anotarisana nekufungidzira kuti angataurirana zvakanakisisa sei nekukurukura neboka rinotora chikamu rinoratidzika sekanakisisa mutsva purojekiti yekutsvakurudza. Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuita uye zvinoshandiswa, hazvigoneki kuti nhengo yese yeboka iri chikamu chemuenzaniso wekuenzanisa ichazopedzisira isina kuiswa munzaniso.
Semuenzaniso, shanduro dzisina kushandiswa inzira inogadzirisa iyo nhengo dzemuenzaniso wechinyorwa dzakasarudzwa nokuda kwemuenzaniso. Mamwe nhengo dzemuenzaniso wekuenzanisa haafaniri kusarudzwa pamuenzaniso nokuti avo vanogona kutora chikamu vanofanira kutanga vabvumirana kuti vatore chikamu muchidzidzo uye, chechipiri, chibvumirano ichocho chinofanira kunge chakavakirwa mukunyaradza kwavo nemamiriro ekutsvakurudza uye kupa kwavo kubvumirwa kwakagadziriswa.
Zvisarudzo Zvitatu Zvikuru zvekugadzira chirongwa chemuenzaniso
Sampling Unit uye Sampling Framework - Chisarudzo chekutanga icho muchengeti wekwereti aifanira kuita ndechokuti atarise sampling frame. Kuti agone kuita danho iri, mutengesi wemuchengetedzi anofanira kufananidzira chinangwa chevanhu. Iko kuti, mubvunzo unofanirwa kupindurwa: Ndiani ari kutora chikamu mukutsvakurudza?
A sampling frame inokurudzirwa kubva kune sampuli unit, chinangwa chaicho ndechekuvimbisa kuti nhengo imwe neimwe yevanhu vanotarisirwa ine mukana wakaenzana wekutorwa . Kunyange zvakadaro, kuongorora uku hakusi kuitiswa kwekuita tsvakurudzo yepamusoro nokuti inowanikwa mukana weparamende inoshandiswa kune uchapupu-hwakatsvakurudza ruzivo umo maonero ari kuedzwa. Rudzi urwu rwekutsvakurudza, iro rinogara ruchiwanda, rwakagadziriswa muchititivist yesayenzi tsika.
Mumwe muenzaniso wekufungidzira shanduro nzira inonyatsorongwa shanduro dzese .
Sample Size - Chisarudzo chechipiri icho muchengeti wemuchengetedzi aifanira kuita chinowirirana nekukura kwemuenzaniso. Mubvunzo unoda kupindurwa ndewe: Vanhu vangani vachabatanidzwa mukutsvakurudza? muhuwandu hunotsvakurudza, chinangwa ndechokuwana sendimi yemumiriri wevanhu vanotarisirwa, uye izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa zvakanakisisa kuburikidza nekufungisisa kwekukura kwemuenzaniso, mazinga ekuvimba, uye nguva dzekuvimba .
Kazhinji kutaura, iyo yakawanda samuenzaniso, iyo yakawedzerwa yakavimbika kutsvaga kwekutsvakurudza kuchave, uye kazhinji, kunyanya kutsvaga kunogona kuenzaniswa kune vavanonyoreswa pachirongwa chekutsvakurudza. Kutonga kwechigunwe ndechokuti muenzaniso unopa hutano hwakakwana apo zvishoma pasi pezana kubva muzana zvevanhu vanotarisa zvinopinda mukutsvakurudza.
Iroveat ndeyekuti nzira yekuenzanisira inofanira kuva yakavimbika uye yakashata yakaitwa.
Sampling Procedure - Kune mairi maviri ezvidzidzo zvemararamiro ekuenzanisa: Maitiro ekugadzirisa matanho uye zvisiri izvo zvinogadzirisa sampuli. Nokuda kwehuwandu hwekutsvakurudza, chirevo chinogona kunge chinotorwa kubva kune chinangwa chevanhu kuitira kuti uverenge dzimwe nhamba dzinofungidzirwa. Izvo zvinoratidza sarudzo inoratidzira kuvimba kwemashoko kana zvikwereti zvekutendeseka zvine chokuita neshanduko yekukanganisa.
Simba rekugadzirisa zvinogona kuve kushandiswa kwezvinhu (kusanganisira nguva, mari, uye unyanzvi), asi inobvumira muchengeti wemusika kuti aenzanise sampling kukanganisa. Zvisiri-mikana sampling nzira zvinogona kupa dhebha rinobatsira uye, pakupedzisira, magetsi ekuziva. Sezvo nehupamhidzo tsvakurudzo uye kuongororwa kwehuwandu, kune vatsigiri nevatsoropodzi vezvichida uye kwete-zvingave zvigadziriswa zvinyorwa.
Nzira dzakasiyana nedzimwe nzira dzichabereka maitiro akasiyana-siyana ezvinyorwa, uye zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti shanduro yekuenzanisa inofananidzwa nemhando ye data inoda kupindura mibvunzo yekutsvakurudza.
Usati waenderera mberi uchienda kunhanho zvitatu zvekutsvakurudza kwekutsvakurudza, zvakakosha kuongorora chikamu cheurongwa hwekuenzanisa hunotarisana nekutaura kune avo vakasarudzwa panzvimbo yekutsvakurudza kuitira kuti vaite kuti vabatanidzwe mukutsvakurudza.
Sources
Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing Management (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Dzidzo, Inc., Prentice Hall.
Lehmann, DR Gupta, S., uye Seckel, J. (1997). Research Market. Kuverenga, MA: Addison-Wesley.