Nzira Yokusimudzira Nayo Zvakanaka muShupfenyuro yeMasidhiya Samples
Kusiyana uku kwakaratidzwa muzera, hutano, hutano hwemhuri, hupfumi hwehupfumi, hutano hwehutano, uye nhamba yevana.
Mhinduro Yechipinduko
Nhamba iyo iyo data pakapera kwechidzidzo inosanganisira nhengo dzose mune samuenzaniso inotumidzwa semutengo wekupindura . Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa iyi yakajeka muongororo yakarongeka kana sarudzo yevvunzurudzo, inonyanya kufadza mukutsvakurudza kwevhidhiyo. Zvisinei, hazvina kukosha mukutsvakurudza kwemashoko ezvehupfumi kupfuura kune mamwe maitiro ekutsvakurudza kwehutano . Nhamba yekupindura inotaridzwa nenhamba yevatori vechikamu vanozadza tsvakurudzo-kana kubvumirana kubvunzurudzwa-vakapatsanurwa nehuwandu hwevanhu vanoita shanduro yekutanga yekuedza . Nhamba yose inofanira kusanganisira vanhu vasina kubudirira kuonana navo kana avo vakaramba kupinda muchirongwa.
The Generalization Issue
Pasinei nokuti data inounganidzwa sei, kukosha kwehuwandu hwemhinduro haugone kusimbiswa zvakakwana.
Hazvibviri kujekesa vanhu vakawanda kana mukana wekupindura wemuenzaniso uri pasi. Muenzaniso wekusarura unowedzera seanopindura mazinga madonhwe. Mune zvinyorwa zvekutsvaga zvinyorwa, apo kudzoka kwemitengo kunosvika 20 kana 30 muzana yemuenzaniso, boka iro revatori vechikamu harina kufanana nezvakawanda zvevanhu vanoverengeka.
Nzira imwechete yevanhu yekudzorera tsamba-kuongorora kana kubvumirana kuti vabatanidzwe munhare yekufona inowanikwa nevanhu vanoita zvemashoko ehuwandu hwemashoko evanhu: ndiko kuti, kufarira kwakanyanya munyaya yacho (kana chigadzirwa kana basa, sezvakangoita be).
Sample Size
Zviduku zviduku zvine sampuli yakawanda kudarika zvidzidzo zvakakura. Funga kuti sarudzo yedhaini inopa kuongororwa kwezvakanaka zvehuwandu hwevanhu. Muenzaniso wega wega wakabva pane sampuli inopa huwandu hwakasiyana hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Nenzira yekuti, pangava nehutano hwakasiyana hwemhinduro mune imwe samuenzaniso yakatorwa pamubvunzo umwe neumwe wakabvunzwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, uye sampuli yakakwana yakatorwa kubva muchengeti wechirongwa, mufananidzo chaiwo waizotendeuka pachokwadi (chechokwadi) chimiro chevanhu vakawanda.
Margin of Error
Sampling error inorondedzera kukwana kwekufungidzira kubva kune imwe sampuli inotorwa kubva kuhuwandu hwevanhu. Sampling yekanganiso inoratidzirwa maererano nemuganhu wekukanganisa unobatanidza nehuwandu hwekuvimba, iyo inhamba yekuyera . Mukusarudzwa kweMutungamiri wehurumende, somuenzaniso, iyo mharidzo inogona kuratidza kuti iyo inofanirwa inofanirwa ne 64% yevhoti. Nharaunda yekukanganisa yaizobatanidza-kana-kudarika 3 mapepa ane 95% chivimbo chezinga.
Mune mamwe mazwi, kana sarudzo yacho yakaitiswa zvakare nemasikisi zana akasiyana evhoti, kunze kwevhoti vashanu, vatori vepfumbamwe vangaratidza kuti iyo inofanirwa inofanirwa ne 61% kusvika 67% yevhoti. Ndiko, 61% yevhoti + 3% kana -3%.
Zvisarudzo Pamusoro peSample Size
Nharaunda yekukanganisa inobatanidza nesampula inoderera sezvinoshambadza shamba inokwira kumusoro, asi kune imwe pfungwa. Apo saruraji yakakura inosvika 1000 kusvika ku2000 vapindura, rutivi rwekukanganisa rwakakwana zvishoma kuitira kuti tifunge nezvemashamba makuru (kwete kusarudza mari-yekusarudza ). Apo masangano evanhu ari chikamu chevanhu vakawanda, mazamu makuru ekuenzanisa angaruramiswa nokuti rutivi rwekukanganisa ruchasiyana kune rumwe rutivi rutivi zvichienderana nehuwandu hwevanhu vari mumasangano. Somuenzaniso, yakapiwa 1000 nhengo dzehutano hwemagariro evanhu uye mararamiro erakakanganiswa pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pe1 kusvika ku3 kubva muzana yepakati nepakati pekutenda kwe 95%, kuongororwa kwechikamu chemasangano ehupfumi hwevanhu-vanoti, kugara-kumba- mami inenge inenge zana-inogona kuva nechepamusoro-soro yekanganisa ye4 kusvika ku10.
Kugadzira Sample Kubudirira
Samples inowanzoongororwa maererano nemitemo yakasarudzwa inoshandiswa panzvimbo yehukuru hwekukura kana kurongeka. Izvi zvinokosha nekuti-mumamiriro ezvinhu akawanda-hazvibviri kunyatsorondedzera kuti mumiririri wemuenzaniso ndewevanhu vakawanda. Nzira dzekusimudzira dzinoshandiswa nokuti dzinobvumira kuongororwa kuri nyore uye kwakatendeseka. Kugadzira nguva yakakwana yekuvimba uye mararamiro ekukanganisa pakutanga kunobvumira vatsvakurudzi kuisa pfungwa pazvipembenene zvakadai sezinga rekupindura uye mapurisa akakodzera ekuenzanisa.