A Basic Statistics Inotarisana Nekuongorora Maererano Nezvinyorwa Data
Nzira dzekutonga dzemhando dzinoshandiswa kuratidza kana kufanotaura ukama huri pakati pemhando mbiri kana zvikonzero . Chinhu icho chiri kutarisirwa (icho icho icho equation chinogadzirisa ) chinonzi i kushanduka kwakasiyana. Zvinhu izvo zvinoshandiswa kufanotaura kukosha kwezvitsva zvinotarisirwa zvinonzi zvinoshandiswa kuzvimirira.
Mashoko akanaka haatauri nyaya yakazara nguva dzose. Kudzokorora kushandiswa kunowanzoshandiswa mukutsvakurudza sezvainosimbisa kuti kuwirirana kuripo pakati pezvinoshandiswa.
Asi kuwirirana hakuna kufanana nekumhanya . Kunyange mutsetse uri nyore kurongeka kwemashoko anokodzera zvinyorwa zvemashoko zvakanaka haagoni kutaura chimwe chinhu chinotsanangurira pamusoro pechikonzero-uye-chekama hukama.
Mukushandura kwemaitiro akajeka, kuongorora kwega kwega kunosanganisira maitiro maviri. Imwe inokosha ndeyevhenekeri yakatarisana uye imwe yehutano ndeyekuzvimiririra kuzvimiririra.
- Kurongeka Kwakakosha Kuongorora Kunyoresa Chimiro chakareruka chekuongorora patsva chinoshandiswa pane zvinowirirana zvinoenderana uye chimwe chezvimiririra zvakasiyana. Muchirevo ichi chiri nyore , mutsara wakarurama unofananidzwa nehukama pakati pezvinotenderera zvinoenderana uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana.
- Kuongorora Kwakawanda Kwekuregererwa Kana zvidimbu zviviri kana zvinopfuura zvimirira zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirisa kutsvaga, mufananidzo hausisiri tsanangudzo imwe chete.
Simple Linear Regression Model
Iko nyore kukonzera kushandiswa kwemuenzaniso kunomiririrwa seiyi: y = ( β 0 + β 1 + Ε
Nekokorodzano yemasvomhu, izvo zvinhu zviviri zvinobatanidzwa mukushandura kwemaitiro akareruka ekugadziriswa kwemashoko zvakasarudzwa x uye y .
Iyo equation inorondedzera kuti y yakabatana sei ne x inozivikanwa semutambo wekuregeredza . Ruramisiro yakarongeka yemufananidzo inewo mhosho yezwi iyo inomiririrwa neI, kana kuti chiGiriki tsamba epsilon. Izwi rekukanganisa rinoshandiswa kuenzanisa kuchinja kwe y iyo isingagoni kutsanangurwa nehukama hwepakati pakati pe x uye y .
Ikokowo maparamende anomiririra vanhu vari kudzidza. Iyi mitemo yemuenzaniso iyo inomiririrwa ne ( β 0+ β 1 x ).
Simple Linear Regression Model
Iko kushandiswa kwemashoko ehurumende kuenzaniswa kunomiririra seizvi: Ε ( y ) = ( β 0 + β 1 x ).
Iko kushandiswa kwemashoko ehurumende kunobatanidza ibasa ndiyo graphed semutsara wakarurama.
( β 0 ndiro y inopesana yemutsetse wekodzero.
β 1 ndiyo nzvimbo.
Ε ( y ) ichinhu chinotarisirwa kana chinotarisirwa che y chekupiwa kweiyo x .
Mutsara wekutonga unogona kuratidza hukama hwakanaka hwomukati, ukama husina kunaka, kana hukama. Kana mutsara we graphed mukutarisa kwemaitiro akajeka (flat) kwete kutsetseka, hapana hukama huri pakati pemhando mbiri. Kana mutsara unoderera uchikwira kumusoro nechokumucheto kwemutsara pa y inopindira (axis) yemagrafu, uye kumucheto kwepamusoro wemutsara uchikwira kumusoro mukati memafirimu, kurega x kubvuma (axis) ukama hwakanaka huripo hunovapo . Kana mutsara unoderera uchidzika pasi nechokupedzisira kumucheto wechirongwa pane y yatsvaga (axis) yemagrafu, uye kumucheto kwezasi kwemutsara unoenderera mberi uchienda kune grafu munda, kutarisa x kutsva (axis) ukama husina kunaka huripo.
Inofanirwa Linear Regression Equation
Kana zviyero zvehuwandu hwevanhu zvaizivikanwa, kushandiswa kwemashoko ehurumende kunoratidzika (kunoratidzwa pasi apa) kunogona kushandiswa kuenzanisa kukosha kwekuti y yeiyo inozivikanwa inokosha ye x .
Ε ( y ) = ( β 0 + β 1 x ).
Kunyange zvakadaro, mukuita, zviyero zvepamende hazvizivikanwe saka dzinofanirwa kuenzaniswa nekushandisa dhiyabhorosi kubva muenzaniso wevanhu. Nharaunda dzemunharaunda dzinofungidzirwa kuburikidza uchishandisa shamba nhamba . Muenzaniso wekuverengwa inomiririrwa ne b 0 + b 1. Kana shamba yekuenzanisa ichishandiswa panzvimbo yehuwandu hwevanhu, iyo inofungidzirwa kuregereta equation inoumbwa.
Inofungidzirwa kuregereta equation inoratidzwa pasi apa.
( ▸ ) = ( β 0 + β 1 x
()) inoratidzirwa y hat .
Girafu yekufungidzirwa kushandiswa kwekushandiswa kwekuenzanisa kunonzi inonzi inoderedzwa mutsara.
B b 0 ndiyo yopindira.
B b 1 ndiyo nzvimbo yekutsika.
I)) inokosha inofungidzirwa ye y yehuwandu hunopiwa hwe x .
Chinokosha Chinodiwa: Kuongororwa kwekuregererwa hakushandisi kududzira kukonzera-uye-effect hukama pakati pemhando. Kudzokorora kushandiswa kunogona, zvakadaro, kunoratidza kuti zvipingamupinyi zvakabatana kana kuti zviyero zvipi zvinobatana .
Mukuita kudaro, kuongorora patsva kunowanzoita hukama hwakanaka hunoita kuti muongorori ane ruzivo aongorore.
Uyewo anozivikanwa se: bivariate regression, regression analysis
Mienzaniso: Iyo Yakashata Zvikwereti inzira inzira yekushandisa shanduro deta kuti uwane kukosha kwekufungidzirwa kushandiswa kuenzanisa. Nzira Yakashata Yemauto Yakakurudzirwa naCarl Friedrich Gauss, uyo akaberekwa mugore ra1777 ndokufa muna 1855. Inzira Yakanakisisa yeMigwagwa ichiri kushandiswa zvikuru.
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Panchenko, D. 18.443 Nhamba dzeApplications, Fall 2006, Chikamu 14, Simple Simplear Regression. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare)