Kubatana kwemari, mari inoshandiswa mari, uye kudzoka pamusoro
Imba yebhizimisi shoma inongova mari kana mari iyo iyo kambani inoshandisa kushandisa mari yekushandisa mari uye kutenga zvinhu. Mari inotarirwa nemari inomiririra mari yekuwana iyo mari kana mari yebhizimisi duku. Mari inodhura iyo inonziwo inopesana, kunyanya kana inonzi inoshandiswa purojekiti chaiyo.
Kunyangwe bhizinesi duku zvikuru rinoda mari yekushanda uye kuti mari inodhura chimwe chinhu kunze kwekuti inobva kunze kwemuhomwe pachake.
Makambani anotarisira kuchengetedza mari iyo yakaderera sezvinogona.
Chii chinonzi Capital?
Guta guru ndiro mari yebhizimisi inoshandiswa kubhadhara mabasa avo. Mari inoshandiswa mari inongowanikwa chete inotora chikwereti inodhura bhizinesi kuwana mari. Guta remabhizimisi maduku rinogona kungova chikwereti chakaendeswa nevatengesi, sekodha nebhadharo inowanikwa mumazuva makumi matatu. Kune mabhizimusi makuru, mari inogona kusanganisira chikwereti chakareba-refu semabhengi emabhengi, kana zvimwe zvikwereti.
Kana kambani iri pachena kana inotora vatengesi, hupfumi hwayo huchabatanidza huwandu hwekutengesa kana huwandu hwezviyo. Zvimwe kuenzanisa zvikwereti zvinosanganisira kubhadhara mari , kubhadhara-muhomwe, uye zvichida mari inoshandiswa.
"Mari" Inorevei?
Imari yekambani yemari inongova mari chete yekambani inoshandiswa nekambani yekubhadhara mari. Kana kambani inoshandisa zvikwereti zvemazuva ano, zvakadai semutengesi chikwereti, uye chikwereti chenguva refu chekubhadhara mabasa ayo, zvino mari yaro yemari ndeipi chero inotora chikwereti icho chairipa pachikwereti ichocho.
Kana kambani iri pachena uye ine varairi, saka mari yemari inowedzera zvakaoma. Kana ikambani inoshandisa mari inopiwa nevashambadziri, ipapo mari inoshandiswa mari inoshandiswa nehutano. Iyi kambani inogona kunge yakasarudzawo asi inosarudza kubhadhara mari yekuenzanisa nemari kuburikidza nemari inotengeswa nevatengi mukutsinhanisa mari yekambani.
Munyaya iyi, mari yekambani yemari ndiyo mari yekwereti pamwe nemari yekuenzanisa .
Kubatanidzwa kwekwereti uye kubhadhara mari yekambani ikambani inomiririra inomirira sarudzo yayo.
Kuwana Kudzoka Pamari
Kudzoka pane mari inowanikwa mubhadharo iwe unobhadhara kunze kwebhizimisi kana purojekiti kana uchienzaniswa nehuwandu hwemari yawakapa. Kushandisa kwekutsvaga kwekambani yekudzorera (kudzokera kune imwe huru) inofanira kuenzana kana kupfuudza mari yayo yekubhadhara mari yekudzoka (mari yemari) yekambani yekudzorera purofiti.
Kufarira uye Zvimwe Zvikwereti
Chimwe chikamu chekudhura kwemari ndiyo mari yekubhadhara chikwereti . Kune mabhizimisi makuru, chikwereti kazhinji chinoreva zvikwereti zvakakura kana kusungirwa kwekambani. Kune makambani maduku, chikwereti chinogona kureva kubhadhara chikwereti . Kana kuti, mari yekukwereta ndeyekuda kwekutora iyo kambani inobhadhara chikwereti.
Equity uye CAPM
Mutengo wemari unosanganisira kubhadhara mari yekuenzanisa kana une varairi vekambani yenyu vanopa mari mukutsinhanisa nehuwandu hwematongerwo emakambani. Kuverenga mari yekuenzanisa kunowedzera kuoma, sezvo vashandi vane zviyano zvakasiyana zvekudzoka kwavo pazvikwereti zvezvikwereti zvichienzaniswa nevechikwereti chinotarwa nebhangi.
Imwe kambani inogona kufungidzira kukwana kwayo kwemazana emari uchishandisa Capital Asset Pricing Model, kana CAPM.
Iri shanduro ndeyotevera:
CAPM = dambudziko risingawaniki + (kambani beta * inowanzoisa pangozi)
Ikoko uko kusingabhadharwi kwehuwandu kunobatanidza nekudzoka kwehurumende yemakore gumi. Kuverenga beta yekambani kunogona kusanganisira kuwanda kwebasa remabasa, saka vamwe vanoongorora vanoshandisa beta inotengeswa pamusika pane. Beta inoratidza kukanganisa kwematengo emugove wakatarwa kana mumusika, uye beta ye Standard & Poor's 500 index inowanzoshandiswa kumiririra mutengesi bheta pachikwereti che 1 cheCAPM equation.
Iko inowanzoisa pangozi inofungidzirwa nekutora masuzhinji kudzoka pamusika, izvo vatsvakurudzi vangafungidzira kuburikidza kushandisa S & P 500 mubhadharo wekudzoka uye zvino kubvisa huwandu hwekushaya pangozi. Izvi zvinosvika kune vashandi vepamusoro vanotarisira kutora mungozi yekutsvaga mari muhomwe yekambani iyi zvichienderana nechisarudzo chekuchengetedza, chisina ngozi chebhishopu yemakore gumi.
Kune makambani maduku, mari yekuda mari inogona kunge iri nyore. Pane zvakakosha uye zvisingabatsiri kune zvikwereti zvose uye kubhadhara mari yehutano iyo chero mwene webhizimisi anofanira kufungisisa asati awedzera kune imwe sarudzo yekambani.
Sei Mari Inokosha Saka?
Kana kambani inoda kuvaka michero mitsva, kutenga zvishandiso zvitsva, kusimbisa mishonga mitsva, nekuvandudza teknolojia yekodzero, inofanirwa kuva nemari kana mari. Pane imwe neimwe yezvisarudzo izvi, muridzi webhizimisi kana Chief Financial Officer (CFO) anofanirwa kusarudza kana kudzoka kune huwandu hwekutsvaga hukuru kupfuura mari inotengeswa. Mune mamwe mazwi, purogiramu inofungidzirwa inofanira kupfuura kudhura kwemari inotora kuti iite muurongwa.
Vashandi vemabhizimisi vaizozviwana vari mubhadharo nekukurumidza kana vasingasimari mumapurojekiti matsva umo kudzokera kune guru ravanoshandisa iro rakakura kudarika kana kuti zvichienzaniswa nemari yemari yavanoshandisa kushandisa mari yavo. Mari inoshandiswa mari inonyanya kukosha mune zvese zvezvisarudzo zvebhizimisi.
Weighted Average Cost of Capital
Pane imwe nguva mubhizimisi webhizimisi anonzwisisa mazano ehuwandu uye mari yemari, danho rinotevera nderekuverenga kambani inorema muvhareji yemari yemari. Nhengo imwe neimwe yezvikamu inoumba humwe huwandu huwandu hwehukuru hwekambani. Kuti asvike pamabhadharo ezvokwadi yemabhizimisi, muridzi wacho anofanira kuwedzera huwandu hwenhare yekambani kune imwe neimwe chikamu, chikwereti uye kuenzana, nemari yezvikamu izvozvo uye kuverenga zvikamu zviviri.