Kugadzirwa Kwemhangura Kunopa Zvipo Zvakakosha uye ZvezveMari
Izvo magetsi uye zvinopisa zvinokonzera, pamwe chete neimba yepamusoro-ductility uye kusasvibisa kunoita kuti ive imwe yezvigadzirwa zvakanyanya kudaidzwa nemabhizimisi, yakapedzwa chete nesimbi nealuminium.
Kushandiswa kweCopper muNhoroondo
Mhangura yakashandiswa uye yakashandurwazve nevanhu kwemakore anopfuura 10 000, ine chinyorwa chakati kusvika kusvika 87000 BC chave ichiwanikwa mune izvo zvino zviri kuchamhembe kweIraq. Munenge muna 8000 BC, mhangura yakabuda senzvimbo yematombo, uye ne 4000 BC, vaIjipita vaipisa uye vachikanda mhangura mumumvuri. Munenge muna 3500 BC, inyanzvi yemhangura yakagadzirwa yakaramba ichingokura sezvo nzira yekufurta ores yakawanikwa, ichivhiringidza kuiswa kweBronze Age.
Chitsuwa cheMediterranean cheCypress chaive chitubu chemhangura chakashandiswa nevaRoma vekare. Vakadana iyo minda yakadikanwa zvikuru "aes Cyprium," iyo inoshandura muchiChirungu se "simbi yeCyprus." Iri zita rakaderedzwa kuCyprium, uye gare gare, cyprium yakashandurwa ikaita kuti ive.
Iri izwi rekupedzisira raiva genesis rezwi rechiChirungu, "mhangura."
Kukosha Kwezvakakonzerwa Nekasa Kubvumira
Mhangura chinhu chinokosha chekucherechedza icho chinodikanwa pamusana wehutano nemhuka. Kunyanya kuwedzerwa kuwedzerwa kumhangura hazvibatanidzi nehutano hwehutano.
Sezvo nedzimwe simbi, pane zvakakosha zvakatipoteredza kune yekudzokorora kwemhangura.
Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemarara zvakasimba, kuderedza simba rinodiwa kuti rigadziriswe, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa. Semuenzaniso, simba rinodiwa rekugadziridza mhangura inenge yakawanda kubva kune 85 kusvika ku90 kubva muzana pasi pekugadzirwa kwemhangura mutsva kubva kumhandara. Mukutaura kwekuchengetedza, mhangura isiri iyo inogona kushandiswa, kunyange zvazvo 12 muzana yemafungiro anozivikanwa akaparadzwa. Zvizivikanwa zveAmerica zvemhangura zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvikwanise zviyero zvitanhatu mabhiriyoni emamita, zvichigadzirwa muArizona, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, uye Montana. Inenge 99 kubva muzana yekutengeswa kwekumba inogadzirwa kubva kumigodhi makumi maviri.
Imwe inotarisana nehupenyu hwemhepo yemhangura inoshandiswa kwayo mukuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi izvo zvichiri kuwanikwa nekuderedza kushandiswa kwemari. Izvi zviri kuchinja kune zviri nani, zvisinei, kuburikidza nemagetsi ekudzokorora zvakare.
The Economic Importance of Copper Recycling
Akaronga pakarepo seri kweChile mumushonga wemhangura, United States inonyanya kuzvigadzirira mumhangura inopa. IUnited States inobereka zvinenge 8 muzana yezera renyika yemhangura. Anenge hafu yeUnited copper yakabuda inobva kune zvinhu zvakare zvakare, zvisinei. Muna 2010, vakashandura vemuUnited States vakagadziridza mamiriyoni zana emamiriyoni ematare emhangura yekushandisa uye kutengeserana kweminda, yechipiri chete kune aluminium pakati pezvigadzirwa zvisingasviki, izvo zvakaona toni mamiriyoni 4,6 zvakare.
Zvishoma pane imwe hafu kana kushandiswa zvakare zvipfeko zvemhangura zvitsva zvinoporesa zvinosanganisira chips uye kushandura kwemashini, pamwe nevamwe vari vashandi vekare mushure-vatengi semagetsi emakambani, vekare radiator, uye mabomba ekuputira.
Kwatingawana Mhangura Yekushandisa Zvinyorwa
Pamusoro pezvipfeko zvematare, mutsime wezvakawanda wezvakawanda magetsi wedare, mhangura inopenya, maharairasi ekare uye basa rekugadzira mabomba. Mhangura kubva kune zvivako yakakosha, uye zviripo zvinotaridzwa pasi apa:
1. Madzimba (inofanirwa ne 2,100 square foot foot)
- 195 pounds - tambo yekuvaka
- 151 pounds - plumbing tube, fittings, valves
- 24 pounds - plumbers 'ndarira zvinhu
- 47 mapaundi - akavakwa-mumidziyo
- 12 mapaundi - vavaki hardware
- 10 mapaundi - imwe foni uye tube
2. Muimba yezviuru zvuru zvemazana
- 125 mapaundi - tambo yekuvaka
- 82 pounds - plumbing tube, fittings, valves
- 20 pounds - plumbers 'yezvigadzirwa zvemhangura
- 38 pounds - yakavakwa-mumidziyo
- 6 mapaundi - vavaki vesimba
- 7 mapaundi - imwe wire uye tube
3. Muzvivako zvekugara:
- 52 pounds - unid air conditioner
- 48 pounds - unitary heat pump
- 5.0 pounds - dishwasher
- 4.8 mapaundi - firiji / freezer
- 4.4 mapaundi - nguo dzaisher
- 2.7 pounds - dehumidifier
- 2.3 mapaundi - kurasa
- 2.0 mapaundi - akaomeswa mbatya
- 1.3 mapaundi - maruva
Copper Purity uye Kudzokorora
Iyo Copper Development Association inotaura kuti mhangura yakabatanidzwa nedzimwe zvinhu zvakadai sedhini kana solder, inogona kunge yakawanda mune zvezvemari kuti ishandise muzvikumbiro apo tini kana mutungamiri zvinodiwa, zvakadai sepfuti kana kuti maronzes, panzvimbo pokubvisa izvi zvigadzirwa kuburikidza nekuchenesa . Zvipfeko zvemuti uyu zvinorayira mutengo wakaderera kupfuura kusina kusvibiswa mhangura. Ikoko kusvibiswa kwakawedzerwa "pane miganhu inogamuchirwa," kutaura mashoko eCopper Development Association, kuchenesa patsva kunokosha kuti uwane mhangura yakachena.