Tsvina yesimbi inorondedzerwa sechinhu chakaoma kana chisina kusimba. Kunyange zvazvo simbi dzesimbi dzine dhigirii resimbi (zita racho rinobva pane rechiLatini izwi rinoreva simbi), simbi isina-ferra haina simbi sechikamu.
Zvose zvisiri zvesimbi uye zvesimbi zvakashandiswa nevanhu kubva panguva yekare. Mhangura yaiva yekutanga yesimbi yakasimbiswa, uye dzimwe nhumbi dzisiri dzesirivha, kusanganisira sirivha negoridhe.
Ukubudirira kwakashanduka kubva kubva kuCheat Age kusvika kuCopper Age uye zvakare Bronze Age. Bhronzi isimbi yendarira uye tini, imwe yendarira isingarevi. Bronze Age yakateverwa ne Iron Age, iyo yakaratidza kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa uye zvombo zvakagadzirwa kubva mumatare endarira, kunyanya carbon car.
Zvisimbi zvisingasviki zvaiva zvesirivha zvokutanga zvinoshandiswa nevanhu kuti zvive nemetallurgy. Ndarama, sirivha uye mhangura zvaive mumakamuri avo emakriststalline asi fomu yesimbi. Aya makristasi, kunyange asingakoshi, akakwana kutora pfungwa dzevanhu. Pashoma kunokonzerwa neokisijeni pane dzimwe dzakawanda zvesimbi, zvinogona kuwanika kunyange mumakumbo akaoma. Mhangura yaiva yekutanga yesimbi yaizogadzirwa; zvakanga zvakanyatsonaka kuti zvive zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana nekutonhora kunotanga uye zvinogona kusungunuka mu cruc crucible. Ndarama, sirivha nemhangura zvakatsiva mamwe mabasa ezvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai sedanda nematombo, zvichienderana nekukwanisa kwavo kuumbwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvekushandiswa zvakasiyana. [10] Nemhaka yekushaiwa kwavo, izvi zvendarama, sirivha nemhangura zvigadzirwa zvakatorwa sezvinhu zvepamusoro uye zvinotarisirwa nehanya zvikuru. [11] Kushandiswa kwemhangura kwakasimudzirawo kuchinja kubva kuChate Age kusvika kuCopper Age.
Bronze Age, iyo yakazobudirira muChper Age, yakarumbidzwa zvakare nekugadzirwa kwebhandi, nendima yemhangura pamwe nematare esimbi asingasviki. [10]
Mukutaura kwesimbi yakatsetseka, simbi, simbi yesimbi, ndiyo yakanyatsoshandiswa zvakare muUnited States uye pasi rose. Tsvina yesimbi inogona kuve yakarongedzerwa sechinhu chisina kushandiswa kana kuti chinokurumidza kupera.
Zvitubu zvezvipfeko zvisina kushandiswa zvinosanganisira motokari, zvivako zvesimbi, dzimba dzemagetsi, magwagwa ezvitima, ngarava, zvigadzirwa zvepurazi pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu. Zvimedu zvinokurumidza, zvinowanzonzi se-prime kana zvitsva zvitsva, zvinoumbwa se-by-chibereko chemabhizimisi uye mabasa ezvokuita zvakadai sokuputika, kutendeuka, uye kuvhara. Zvinyorwa zvinokurumidza zvikwereti zvinenge chikamu chehafu yezviyo zvinotapira.
Izvi zviputi zvinoshandiswa nemuchina wekucherazve zvigadzirwa muzvinhu zvekugadzira zvinhu izvo zvinowedzera zvinodarika 60% zvehuwandu hwehutemu hwakagadzirwa huri muUnited States. Kutarisana kwakadaro kunowanzoitika pamagetsi emagetsi emagetsi. Uyewo, maAmerica anotengeserana zvinyorwa zvinopisa kune dzimwe nyika 90 pasi rose.
Kazhinji kutaura. firate alloys ane magnetic, kunyange zvazvo magnetic yavo inokwezva ichasiyana semugumisiro wehuni mujasi. Sirivha isina kuonekwa inofungidzirwa sesimbi inopisa asi haisi nguva dzose inokwezva nokuti yakawanda yesimbi yakasunungurwa mukugadzira .
Ferrous Metal Scrap muNutshell
- IU.S industries yakakura yakawanda yakakosha pa $ 26.4 mabhiriyoni muna 2010.
- Muna 2015, mashizha eUnited States akashandurazve zvinopfuura mamiriyoni makumi matanhatu nematanhatu ematare esimbi.
- Muna 2016, US yakatengesa chete mamiriyoni 11,2 mamiriyoni ematare ematare. Kutengeswa kwenyika kwakaderera kubva muna 2011 mukutarisana nekuderera kwemaidiro enyika.
- 530 mamiriyoni emataundi ematare ematare akaparadzwa pasi rose muna 2010.
- Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwezvipfuramabwe zvinoshandiswa pane zvigadzirwa zvemhandara mukugadzirwa kwesimbi nesimbi, kubudisa CO2 kunoderedzwa ne 58%.
Kudzokorora Kubhadharwa Kwemafuta Anopisa
- kwemotokari: 106%
- yemidziyo: 90%
- yezvikwata zvesimbi: 66.8%
- yezvigadzirwa zvesimbi: 98%
- for steel reinforcement: 70%
Non-Ferrous Metal Simba
Zvinogona kunge zvikafu zvisingasviki zvinoumba huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwenyika hurizve huchitsvaga muUnited States, asi kuburikidza nekukosha, hunofanirwa kudarika hafu yehafu yenyika yeEurope yakagadziriswa mishonga yekugadzirisa kushanda, inenge $ 32 mabhiriyoni muna 2015. Izvi zvakagadziriswa kuburikidza nekugadziridza mamiriyoni masere ematani ematanda asingasviki, anogadzirwa kubva mumhando yevatengi, yezvokutengeserana neyemabhizimusi, zvichibatanidza mhangura uye inokosha yechipatimendi inotenderera mumagetsi ezvigadzirwa, zvinonwiwa-zvinwiwa zvinodhaka, mabheti emotokari uye radiator, saruminiya yakagadzirwa, ndege inowanda zvakawanda .
Zvakadzorerwa zvisikwa zvisina kufanira, zvinosanganisira aluminium , mhangura, mutungamiri, nickel, tin, zinc nevamwe, zvinopedzwa nevanyori vepachipiri muUnited States uye munyika dzinopfuura zana pasi rose.
Zvisingasviki zvesimbi hazvisi kuderedza kana kurasikirwa nemakemikari kana masimba muitiro yekudzokorora, zvichiita kuti vagone kushandiswa zvakare nhamba dzisingagumi dzenguva.
Muna 2015, indasitiri yeUnited States yakagadziriswa (kutengeswa kunze kwekushandisazve zvekare) kupfuura:
- 3.4 mamiriyoni ematoni e aluminium
- 0.83 mamiriyoni ematoni emhangura
- 1.12 mamiriyoni matani emutungamiri uye zinc
- Mamiriyoni 0,1 matani e nickel / simbi isina tsvina
Pakawanda, mhizha yezvakawanda yakaunza inopfuura 150 000 mabasa chaiwo muUnited States muna 2015, uye pamwe nemabasa 323,000 asinganzwisisiki. Vashandi ava vakawana $ 30,8 mabhiriyoni muhomwe uye zvakabatsirwa.