Inoshuwarenzi yevashandisi
Vashandi vanobhadhara inishuwarenzi vanobhadhara kune vashandi pamusana pekukuvadzwa kwakaitwa mubasa. Icho chinotarisirwa kugoverwa munharaunda yehurumende. Nokudaro, mabhizimisi akawanda anoshandisa vashandi anosungirwa nemutemo kutenga vashandi kubhadhara mari.
Kubva kweVashandi 'Kubhadhara Mitemo
Pamberi pemitemo yemishandiro yevashandi yakagadziriswa, vashandi veUnited States vakatarisana nehuwandu hwehutano hwehutano. Vakawanda vakashanda mune zvitsvina zvakasviba, minda ine guruva kana mahofisi akadzimwa moto.
Vashandi vakawanda vakakuvadzwa zvakakomba kana vakaurayiwa pabasa.
Vashandi vakakuvadzwa (kana avo vakapukunyuka) avo vaida mubhadharo nokuda kwekukuvara kwavo vaiva nechisarudzo chimwe chete: kushora vashandi vavo. Vashomanana vashandi vakatora danho iri. Chimwe chikonzero, kupomerwa mhosva kwaiva kunodhura uye vazhinji vashandi vakanga vasina mari inoda mari. Chechipiri, vashandi vanogona kukunda mitemo yakawanda yevashandi kuburikidza vachishandisa chimwe chezvidziviriro zvitatu zvakanyorwa pasi apa. Izvi zvidziviriro zvinowanzozonzi "utatu husina maturo" nokuti dzakanga dzakaoma zvikuru kuvashandi vakakuvara kukunda:
- Zvinokonzera Kusagadzikana : Kuzvidzivirira kwomushandi uyu kwakabatsira pakukuvadza.
- Kufanirwa kwengozi: Mushandi akafungidzira ngozi dzebasa apo akabvumirana basa.
- Kushamwaridzana Nevashandi Kusagadzikana: Kukuvadzwa kwevashandi kwakakonzerwa nokuregererwa kweshamwari pamwe chete
Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi20, vanhu veAmerica vakanga vava kunzwira tsitsi avo vaikuvadzwa uye vakakumbira kuchinja. Muna 1911, Wisconsin yakapfuura mutemo wevashandi vokutanga kuU.S. Dzimwe dzimwe nyika dzakakurumidza kutevera, uye muna 1920 ruzhinji rwehurumende rwakapedza mutemo wemari yevashandi.
Nyika yekupedzisira yaiva Mississippi, iyo yakapfuura mutemo wayo muna 1948.
The Grand Bargain
Mitemo yekubhadhara yevashandi inowanzotumidzwa seGreat Bargain pakati pevashandi nevashandi. Mitemo inomanikidza vashandirwi kuti vabatsirwe, kuburikidza nevashandi vavo vanobhadhara mari yevashandi, kuvashandi vakakuvara pabasa. Kana vashandi vachizadzisa basa iri, ivo (kunyanya) vanochengetedzwa kubva kumatare evanokuvadzwa nevashandi.
Munenge munharaunda dzose, vashandi vemari yehutano inshuwarheni inotarisirwa kuti ndiyo chete mishonga yevashandi vanokuvadzwa pabasa. Nokudaro, mitemo inowanzovharidzira vashandi kuti vasaiti vashandi vavo kuti vakuvadzwe nebasa kana vashandi vakavharwa nevashandi vanobhadhara inshuwarisi.
Mitemo Yakavhara Vazhinji Vashandi
Kunyange zvazvo mitemo yemari yevashandi ichivhara vazhinji vevashandi, vane zvimwe zvisiri izvo. Izvi zvinowanzosiyana kubva kuhurumende kuenda kune imwe nyika. Zvinenge zvese zvese zvinosanganisa vanhu, vakadai sevashandi vegungwa, avo vanochengetedzwa pasi pehurongwa hwevashandi vehurumende. Nyika dzakawanda dzinosanganisa makambani ekuzvimirira , vashandi vekumba, nevashandi vekurima. Dzimwe hurumende dzinosanganisa vashandi mumabasa akasiyana-siyana, akadai sevapristi vakagadzwa, vagadziri vezvivakwa, uye vanyori varoti. Kana iwe usina chokwadi kuti mutemo unoshanda sei munharaunda yako, bvunza sangano rako re inshuwarisi kana gweta.
Chiratidzo chemitemo yevashandi ekubhadhara mari ndeyekuti vanobhadhara zvikwereti pasinei nemhosva. Vashandi vanogamuchira mari yekukuvadzwa kwebasa kunyange kana kusaremekedzwa kwavo kana kwekushanda pamwe chete kwakabatsira pakukuvara kwavo.
Makomborero Anopiwa
Mamiriro emitemo anotarisa kubatsirwa kunowanikwa kune vakuvadzwa vashandi. Nyika dzakanyatsoenderana nemhando dzezvipo zvavanopa. Izvi zvinowanzobatanidza:
- Chiremba Inoshandiswa: Inosanganisira mari yekurapa kwachiremba, chipatara uye kutarisira; mishonga; kuongorora zvirwere; physical therapy; uye mishonga yemishonga
- Kuremara: Kunopa kubhadharwa kwemazana emararamiro akarasikirwa munguva yekuremara kwenguva pfupi kana kusingaperi. Kuremara kunogona kunge kwakakwana kana kusarura.
- Kuvandudza: Inopa mazano emhizha kune vashandi vanofanira kuchinja mabasa nekuda kwekukuvara kwavo
- Rufu: Anotarisa kufa rufu kunobatsira kumudzimai aripo uye vana vaduku vevashandi vakaurayiwa pabasa
Kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vachitaura zvikodzero zvakadaro, zviyero zvavanopa zvinogona kusiyana zvikuru. Semuenzaniso, imwe nyika inogona kupa masvondo mazana 500 emigumisiro yekuremara kwekanguva kwenguva. Imwe hurumende inogona kubhadhara zvikwereti kwemavhiki makumi mana chete.
Vashandi 'Kugadzirisa Purogiramu
Kunze kwekuti vanoita bhizinesi mune hurumende yekutonga , vashandi vanogona kutenga vashandisi ekubhadhara mari yevashandi kubva kune ani zvake wega inshuwarisi iyo inopa kugoverwa. Vazhinji vashandi vanobhadhara mari yevashandi vanobudisa mitemo pane imwe nzira yakagadzirwa neNational Council on Compensation Insurance (NCCI).
Iyi fomu inosanganisira zvikamu zviviri. Chikamu Chekutanga chinopa vashandi kubhadharwa. Chikamu Chechipiri chinotakura chikoro chevashandi.
Chikamu Chekutanga chekubhadhara kwevashandi vanobhadhara zvipo kuvashandi vakakuvadzwa pabasa. Vashandi vanowana zvikwereti zvakasarudzwa nemutemo wevashandi vemutemo wehurumende umo nzvimbo yebasa yavanoshandira iripo. Uyu mutemo unowanikwa mumutemo kuburikidza. Kana munhu akashanda ane nzvimbo dzebasa mune dzimwe nyika, ipapo mitemo yevose iyo nyika inova chikamu chemutemo.
Chikamu Chechipiri chemurairo unoita kuti vashandi vabhadharwe . Inosanganisira kutongwa kwemhosva nekukuvadzwa nevashandi vanopesana nemushandi. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mitemo yevashandi yemitemo haifaniri kuvhara vashandi vose . Uyezve, mitemo inogona kusimbisa mamwe marudzi ezvirwere kana kukuvadzwa. Mienzaniso inoshungurudzwa nemwoyo kana kurohwa kunowanikwa mubasa asi hazvifungidziri basa. Vashandi vekambisi yemhosva yevashandi vanochengetedza vashandi pamhosva dzekutongwa nekuda kwekukuvadzwa kusingawanikwi nevashandisi ekubhadhara inishuwarenzi.
Zvikomborero zveVashandi
Iko mari yevashandi yekubhadhara inishuwarenzi inobva pane imwe nzvimbo yehurongwa .
Vashandi vanobatanidzwa muzvikwata zvinotsanangura bhizinesi ravo. Iko pfungwa ndeyokuti vashandi vanoshandiswa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemabhizimisi vanotarisana nedambudziko rakafanana rekukuvara kwebasa. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinomirira rudzi rwemabasa, zvakadai semamiriro ekuma munda kana magetsi wiring. Vashandi mumabasa akafanana vanogoverwa zvakasiyana.
Inonyanya kushandiswa-kushandiswa kwegadziriro yenyika yakagadzirwa neCNCI. Zvizhinji zvehurumende zvinoshandisa sarudzo iyi kana imwe yakafanana nayo. ICCI system inosanganisira mazana ezvinyorwa, imwe neimwe iyo inowanikwa nekutsanangurwa uye nhamba yechina-code. Muenzaniso ndeyeClerical Office Workers, code 8810. Chimwe chezvikamu chinopiwa chiyero. Mutengo unoshanda kune imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana inobva kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe nyika. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kuvhota kwevashandi kunoshandiswa neCNCI. Mune vamwe, inotungamirirwa nehurumende yepamusoro.
Premium Calculation
Mishonga yekubhadhara yevashandi inotarirwa zvichienderana nezvinhu zviviri zvinokosha: mitero uye mari yebhadharo. Payroll inoreva mibairo, mibairo, mabhonasi, nezvimwewo zvakabhadhara kune vashandi gore negore semubairo. Payroll inogoverwa kuva yakakodzera makirasi. Pamusoro pemhando imwe neimwe yekodhi yeklasi, mubhadharo unopatsanurwa ne100 uye zvino yakawanda nehuwandu .
Somuenzaniso, Harry ane Happy Hardware, yekutengesa hardware hardware. Harry anoshandisa vashandi 25. Mumwe mushandi anoshanda muhofisi yekudzokera sevashandi vemabhuku. Vaya vanosara 24 vashandi vanoshanda muchitoro. Pamusoro pegore negore, mubhadharo weHarry 24 vashandi vanoita madhora 500 000. Mari yebhadhadzi yebhuku rake ndeye $ 25,000. Vashandi vechiHarry vanochengetwa seChechi-Hardware, Code 8010. Muchengeti wake wekuchengetedza mabhuku anotsanangurwa seClerical Office Employees, Code 8810. Chiyero chakagoverwa pakombiyuta yepakombiyuta 8010 muHarry's state inodarika $ 2.50, asi mukana wekodhi 8810 i $ .40. Chirongwa cheHarry chinorondedzerwa sezvizvi:
Vashandi vanochengeta: ($ 500,000 / 100) X $ 2.50 = $ 12,500
Bookkeeper: ($ 25,000 / 100) X $ .40 = $ 100
$ 12,500 + $ 100 = $ 12,600 premium
Experience Rating
Vazhinji vashandi vanotenga vashandisi mari yemishonga inshuwarheni vari pasi pehutano . Kana ruzivo rwezviitiko ruchishanda, kushandiswa kwevashandi kwenhau kunosanganisa purogiramu iyo inoshandira mubhadharo yevashandi inshuwalense. Kurasikirwa kweruzivo rwemushandi kunoenzaniswa nehuwandu hwehupenyu hwevamwe vashandi mune rimwe boka rebazi. Kana nhoroondo yevashandi iri nani kudarika mavhareji, ichawana chikwereti pamubhadharo wevashandi vayo. Kana ruzivo rwayo rwakaipisisa kupfuura rwakawandisa, ruchawana dhegi.
Zvichienderana nehutano hwako, ruzivo rwehutachiona hunogona kugoverwa neCNCI kana hurumende yehurumende yemishuwarenzi. Vashandi vako vanobhadhara mubhadhadziro vanopa dhamari yako yepurogiramu uye yakarasikirwa kumutevedzeri. Mutevedzeri anoshandisa iyo data kuti aone ruzivo rwako rwekuchinja. Your modifier is typically based on three years of data and updated annually. Inogona kunge iri pasi peyero (chikwereti), yakaenzana neumwe (kubatana), kana kupfuura imwe (a debit). Zvaunoshandura zvinoratidzirwa pane rimwe ruzivo rwekushanda pepaji rakabudiswa neCCCI kana yehupfumi yehurumende.
Muenzaniso unotevera unoratidza kuti iwe unhu hunochinja hupi hunogona kuchinja premium yako. Ngatitii Happy Hardware yakave nekurasikirwa kwepamusoro yepamusoro pane zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvehurdware muhurumende yake. Anofadza Hardware Hardware Experience isner .90. Unofara kukanganisa kurasikirwa kwakanaka kwakaita kuti kambani iwane 10 muzana yekutengesa pamubhadharo wevashandi vayo: $ 12 600 X .90 = $ 11,430
Iye zvino fungidzira kuti Happy Hardware yekurasikirwa ruzivo yakave yakaipisisa kupfuura yevhesi yeboka, zvichiita kuti kuchinjwa kwe 1.15. Happy's premium ikozvino 15% yepamusoro kupfuura yevhareji. Happy's premium ichava $ 12,600 X 1.15 = $ 14,490.