Chinyiko?
Imwe nhengo isangano rezvemitemo iro rine vagovhani uye rinotungamirirwa nebhodhi revatungamiri.
Vatungamiri vanosarudzwa nevashandi vekambani. Bhodhi rinogadza vakuru vakuru kuti vatarisire mamiriro ezuva nezuva kwekambani. Zvinowanzobatanidza mukuru mukuru mukuru kana mutungamiri, mukuru wezvemari, uye munyori. Mamwe makambani ane mamwe mahofisi, akadai sevakuru vakuru vezvenhau kana mukuru wevanhu vashandi.
Mutoro weVatungamiriri uye Mahofisi
Vatungamiriri nevatungamiri vane mhosva yezviito zvisina hanya kana zvikanganiso zvavanoita pavanoshumira iyo sangano. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vanogona kutongwa ivo pachavo pamhosva yekukuvadzwa kwomutomeri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pfuma yavo inogona kushandiswa kukwanise kuda kwomuteresi kwekukuvara. Kutya kwebasa rako pachako kunogona kudzivisa kukwanisa kwekambani yekuwana vatungamiriri vatsva nevatungamiriri. Iko kambani inokwanisa kuderedza kutya kwekutenga vatungamiri uye vakuru vakuru mhosva yekuvhara.
Imwe nhengo inobhadharwa nemabasa asina hanya kana zvikanganiso zvakaitwa nevatungamiri nevatungamiriri pavanenge vachiita mabasa avo kune sangano.
Nokudaro, sangano rinotarisirwa nevakasungwa nekuda kwekukuvadzwa kwavakatsigira nekuda kwezviito zvakagadzirwa nemutungamiriri kana mukuru wehurumende.
Vashandi vanonyanya kuve vanyaradzi vekambani. Nemhaka yokuti havatauri nenzira iyo kambani inoshandiswa kana kuti inotungamirirwa, vanochengetedza havagoni kutongwa semhaka yekusaremekedza kana kuipa kwakaitwa nevatungamiriri kana vatungamiri.
Kukodzera Kuvatungamiri Nevakuru
Vatungamiri vezvematongerwo enyika nevatungamiriri vane mabasa kumakambani, vatengesi, vashandi , vatengi, uye masangano ehurumende. Vanofanira kuita nekutarisira, kuvimbika, nekuteerera pavanenge vachiita mabasa avo panzvimbo yekambani. Vanofanira kuva vakatendeseka pavanenge vachirondedzera zvakajeka nezvekambani yemari yekambani kune vanochengetedza uye vatengesi. Vanofanira kubata vashandi zvakanaka uye vanoteerera mitemo yehurumende. Kana vakakundikana kuita izvi, vatungamiriri nevatungamiriri vanogona kutongwa. Heano mienzaniso yezviito zvinogona kutungamirira kumhosva:
- Mashoko asina kururama akataurwa kune vatengesi, vatengesi, vatengesi kana vatengi maererano nehutano huri hutano hwehutano
- Kuguma kusina kunaka, kusarura , kana kushungurudzwa kweimboimbova mushandi
- Kusasarudzwa kwemari yekambani, iyo yakakonzera kukosha kwesimbi yekambani kuderera
- Kutanga kwekubatanidza kana kugamuchira pasina kuita nekushingaira kwakakodzera
- Zvisizvo zvisinganzwisisiki pamusoro pekuita mari mune ramangwana rekambani
- Kushandiswa zvisina kukodzera kwevanonyanya kushandiswa kwepambisano
- Insider trading
Kuremekedza
Imwe pfungwa inonyanya kushandiswa kweInishuwarensi yeD & O ndeyekubhadhara. Kuzvidzivirira kunoitika apo kambani inotsigira vatungamiri kana mahofisi nekuda kwemari yekukuvara uye mari yekuzvidzivirira inokonzerwa nemhosva.
Kana vanhu ava vaifanira kubhadhara mari iyi kubva muhomwe, vashomanana vangasarudza kuva vatungamiriri kana vatungamiri. Nokudaro, vazhinji vanobvumira zvibvumirano kuti zvibatsire vatungamiri nevatungamiriri. Nyika dzinorambidza kubhadharwa mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakadai apo kana mutungamiriri kana mukuru wepamutemo akatongerwa mhosva.
Vakawanda vanobvumira zvikambani kusarudza kuti zvii zvavanozopa zvipo mapurisa nevatungamiriri. Izvi zvisarudzo zvinowanzowananidzwa mumitemo yakasimba.
Vatungamiriri & Officers Insurance
Vatungamiri nevatungamiriri vane mhosva (D & O) kugoverwa rudzi rwekanganiso uye kushandiswa kwemishuwarensi . Inodzivirira vatungamiri nemapurisa kubva pamhosva dzakapiwa nevatengesi, vatongi, vatsva vehurumende, kana vamwe vatatu.
D & O mitemo yakagadzirirwa kuvhara kutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwemhosva nekuda kwekukuvadzwa kwemari , kwete kukuvara mumuviri kana kukanganisa kwemuviri .
Vanovhara zvikwereti zvitatu zvekurasikirwa kwemari zvinotsigirwa nekuda kwekanganiso kana kukanganisa kunoitwa nemutungamiriri kana mukuru wehurumende. Mazano mazhinji eD & O anopa hutatu hutatu hwekugovera:
- Vatungamiriri uye Mahofisi Emhosva. Inovhara madhara nemari inongororwa pamusoro pemutungamiriri kana mukuru wehurumende asina kumbobhadharwa nekuda kwezvikwereti zvekambani. Izvi zvinowanzozonzi Chikamu A. Zvinodzivirira vatungamiri 'uye mahofisi' pfuma yavo. Kambani inogona kunge isingakwanisi kupa mvumo nokuti inopera kana kuti yakadziviswa kuita saizvozvo nomutemo. Nyika dzinowanzorambidza kubvumirwa kwevatungamiri kana mahofisi avo vari nyaya yechitokisi chinobva (sutu inopiwa nevatori vemabhizimisi panzvimbo yekambani).
- Kuremekedza. Inotsigira iyo sangano nokuda kwemari yakabhadhara kune vatungamiriri kana vatungamiriri kana kuti panzvimbo yavo sechinyorwa. Kazhinji kunonzi Chikamu B.
- Corporate Liability . Inovhara zvirevo kana zvikwereti zvakaiswa zvakananga pamusoro pekambani. Inowanzozonzi Chikamu C kana Entity Coverage. Kuwanda kwehuwandu hwekugadzirisa kunosiyana zvichienderana nekuti iyo kambani inishuwarenzi iri yega yega, yehurumende, kana yekusingabatsiri kambani. Kana kambani ye inshuwarisi isangano rehurumende, kushandiswa kwehurumende kunowanzoshanda kune zvichemo zvekuchengetedza.
D & O mitemo inopomerwa , zvichireva kuti inotora zvirevo zvakagadzirwa munguva yemutemo. Mhosva dzakagadzirwa mushure mokunge chirongwa chacho chapera hachina kuvharwa. Mitemo yakawanda inosanganisira sarudzo yekutenga nguva yakawedzerwa yekupa , iyo inosanganisira zvataurwa mushure mokunge mutemo wapera. Mimwe mitemo inosanganisira kugoverwa kwemabasa-ane chokuita nekusarura uye kukanganisa kusagadzikana. Kana izvi zvisingabatanidzi mumutemo, mubhadhari anogona kuipa pasi pebasa rakasiyana-siyana remabasa .
Specialized Policies
Vatsigiri vakawanda vanopa kugoverwa kweD & O vakagadzira mazano akajeka emamwe marudzi emabhizimisi. Chiitiko ndecheParamende yeDeutsch D & O , iyo yakagadzirirwa makambani ane zviko zvisiri kutengeswa pachena. Mazano anonyanya kuwanikawo anowanikwawo kune masangano asiri ehurumende, masangano emari, makambani ezvehutano, uye masangano ezvidzidzo.
Chinyorwa chakagadzirwa naMarianne Bonner