Iro Rhepfenyuro Rwenhepfenyuro Chikamu cheBurongwa hweBusiness
Icho chiri pamagumo eurongwa hwebhizimisi rako, asi chikamu cherongwa rezvemari chikamu chinotarisa kuti kana kuti kwete pfungwa yako yebhizimisi inobatsira, uye inonyanya kukosha pakusarudza kuti kana kwete chirongwa chako chichakwanisa kukwezva upiwe wega wega your business idea.
Chaizvoizvo, chirongwa chemari chikamu chine zvinyorwa zvitatu zvezvemari, mutemo wemari , mari yekuyerera kwemari uye bhadharo uye tsanangudzo shoma / kuongorora kwemashoko matatu aya.
Ichi chinyorwa chichakutungamirira kuburikidza nekugadzirira kwechimwe chezvirevo zvitatu zvemari. Chokutanga, zvakadaro, iwe unoda kuunganidza imwe yemari yemari yaunoda kuburikidza nekuongorora mari yako.
Funga nezvebhizimusi rako rebhadharo rakaputsika muzvikamu zviviri; yako kutanga-up mari uye yako yekushandisa mari.
Zvose zvinodhura zvekutengesa bhizinesi rako nekumhanya zvinotanga kuenda kutanga-up mari yeboka. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinosanganisira:
- Kubhadhara mari dzebhizimisi
- Bhizinesi rebhizimisi uye zvibvumirano
- Kutanga zvinyorwa
- Imari inoshandiswa
- Kubhadhara kuripa pfuma
- Kuderedza chikwereti pamichina
- Utility yakagadzirisa mari
Iyi inongova shanduro yekutanga kudhura; nhare yako pachayo inowedzera nokukurumidza pakarepo paunotanga kuanyora pasi.
Kushandisa mari ndeyebhadharo yekuchengetedza bhizimisi rako rinoshanda . Funga pamusoro peizvi sezvinhu zvaunenge uchida kubhadhara mwedzi mumwe nomumwe. Nhamba yako yekushandisa mari inogona kusanganisira:
- Mibairo (mibairo yako uye yevashandi)
- Hore kana kutora chikwereti
- Telecommunication
- Utilities
- Raw materials
- Kuchengetedza
- Kuparadzirwa
- Kukurudzira
- Mari yekubhadhara
- Zvekushandisa muhofisi
- Maintenance
Kamwezve, izvi ndezvoruzhinji rwemashoko kuti uende. Kana uchinge uine hosha yako yekushandisa mari yakakwana, iyo yose ichakuratidza kuti chii chichakubhadhara iwe kuti uchengetedze bhizinesi rako kumwedzi wega wega.
Wedzera nhamba iyi ne6, uye une mwedzi mitanhatu kuenzanisira kwekushanda kwako. Zvadaro wedzera izvi kuwandu hwekutanga kwako mari yekuwedzera, uye iwe uchava nekamuti yeplppark yekutora kwako kwese kukwidza mari.
Iye zvino ngatitarisei kuisa mamwe mazwi ezvemari zvebhizimisi renyu rebhizimisi pamwe chete, kutanga neNheyo Nyaya.
The Statement Statement
Nhepfenyuro Inowanikwa imwe yezvikamu zvitatu zvematongerwo enyika zvaunoda kuisa muChikamu cheMari Chirongwa chebhizinesi rebhizimisi.
Nhepfenyuro Inowanikwa inoratidza mari yako, mari, uye purogiramu kwenguva yakati. Icho chinyorwa chebhizimisi rako chinoratidza kana bhizimisi rako risina kubatsira panguva iyoyo nenguva; Imari - Mari Inoshandiswa = Kuwana / Kurasikirwa.
Kunyange zvazvo mabhizinesi akaumbwa kazhinji anounza Mutemo Wemari yega yega yega yemari, kana kunyange kamwe kamwe gore rimwe nerimwe rezvemari , nokuda kwezvinangwa zveurongwa hwebhizimisi , Mutsara weNheyo inofanira kubudiswa kakawanda - mwedzi mumwe nomumwe wegore rokutanga.
Heino Mhedzisiro Yakatambira Template yekota yekutanga yebhizimisi-yebasa. Inoteverwa netsanangudzo yekuti ingashandura sei iyi Template Revenue Statement kune bhizinesi-based business.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Total | |
| ROKUDZA | ||||
| Services | ||||
| Basa 1 | ||||
| Basa 2 | ||||
| Basa 3 | ||||
| Basa 4 | ||||
| Total Services | ||||
| Kusiyana | ||||
| Bank Interest | ||||
| Zvose Zvisizvo | ||||
| TOTAL REVENUE | ||||
| MAZANO | ||||
| Direct Costs | ||||
| Zvinhu | ||||
| Equipment Rentals | ||||
| Mubairo (Muridzi) | ||||
| Mibairo | ||||
| Pension Expense | ||||
| Vashandi Vokubhadhara Imari | ||||
| Zvose Zvakakwana Mazano | ||||
| Gavhuna uye Kutarisira (G & A) | ||||
| Kubhadhara uye Mafambisi Emitemo | ||||
| Kuzivisa uye Kukurudzira | ||||
| Madhaka akaipa | ||||
| Bhizimisi Mari | ||||
| Kuora mwoyo nekuAmerica | ||||
| Inishuwarenzi | ||||
| Kufarira | ||||
| Office Rent | ||||
| Telephone | ||||
| Utilities | ||||
| Credit Card Commissions | ||||
| Credit Card Mhosva | ||||
| Zvose G & A | ||||
| TOTAL MAZVIMBO | ||||
| MIBVIRO YEMWEYO PASI MATAYI AKUBATSIRA | ||||
| MASHOKO OKUFUNGA | ||||
| NET INCOME | ||||
Hasi dzose dzezvikamu muNhoroondo iyi yeNhepfenyuro ichashanda kune bhizinesi rako. Siya kunze kweavo vasingashandisi uye kuwedzera zvikamu kana zvichidiwa kugadzirisa iyi template kune bhizinesi rako.
Kushandisa iyi template sechikamu chebhizimisi rebhizimisi, iwe uchada kuzvigadzika setafura uye kuzadza zviyero zvakakodzera pamwedzi wega wega (sezvinoratidzwa nemutsara "mutsara unonyorwa mwedzi mumwe nomumwe").
Kana iwe une bhizinesi-yakagadzirwa, chikamu cheMitero cheNhepfenyuro yeShoko chichaonekwa zvakasiyana. Revenue ichazonzi Kutengesa, uye inowanikwa inoda kuverengwa. Heano muenzaniso unoratidza kuti mari yekusungirirwa inowanikwa sei muChikamu cheMutero:
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Total | |
| ROKUDZA | ||||
| Sales | $ 3000 | $ 4,100 | $ 4,300 | $ 11,400 |
| Mari Yezvinhu Zvakatengeswa | ||||
| Kuvhura Inventory | $ 1000 | $ 1500 | $ 1500 | $ 4000 |
| Purchases | $ 1000 | $ 1200 | $ 1200 | $ 3400 |
| Freight | $ 200 | $ 300 | $ 350 | $ 850 |
| Minus Kuvhara Inventory | - $ 1200 | - $ 1000 | - $ 900 | - $ 3100 |
| Zvose Mazana Ezvinhu Zvakatengeswa | $ 1000 | $ 2000 | $ 2150 | $ 5150 |
| Gross Profit | $ 2000 | $ 2100 | $ 2150 | $ 6250 |
Izvo Zvimwe Zvikamu zveNhepfenyuro yeNyaya, zvisinei, yakafanana zvikuru ne template yandakapa pamusoro apa.
Wakagadzirira kuenderera kune imwe nyaya yezvemari inofanirwa kuisa muChechi yeChepfenyuro yebhizinesi rebhizimisi rako? Iko Cash Flow Projection inotevera.
Cash Flow Projection
Cash Flow Projection inoratidza kuti mari inotarisirwa kubuda sei uye kunze kwebhizimisi rako. Kune iwe, iyo inokosha inoshandiswa kwemari yekufambisa kwemari, kukuzivisa iwe kana kushandiswa kwemari kwako kwakakwirira kana kuti iwe ungada kuronga mashomanana ekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kutarisana nekushamba kwemari kudarika. Sezvo chikamu chebhizinesi rako rebhizimisi, Cash Flow Projection ichakupa pfungwa yakajeka yekuti mari yakawanda inowanikwa sei mubhizinesi rebhizimisi rako rinodikanwa .
Kana uri webhengi mari yechikwereti, Cash Flow Projection inopa uchapupu hwokuti bhizimusi rako ibasa rakanaka rekwereti uye kuti pachava nemari yakawanda iripo kuti bhizinesi rako rive mukana akanaka kune mutsara wechikwereti kana chikwereti chenguva pfupi .
Usavhiringidza Cash Flow Projection neCash Flow Statement. Iko Cash Flow Statement inoratidza kuti mari yakapinda sei uye kunze kwebhizimisi rako. Mune mamwe mazwi, rinotsanangura kukwira kwemari kwakaitika kare. Iyo Cash Flow Projection inoratidza mari iyo inotarisirwa kuve yakagadzirwa kana kushandiswa pane imwe nguva yakasarudzwa munguva yemberi.
Kunyange zvazvo mhando dzose dzeCash Flow dzinoshuma mabhizimusi anokosha ekugadzira matanho emabhizimisi, isu tinongotarisana neCash Flow Projection muurongwa hwebhizimisi. Iwe unoda kuratidzira Cash Flow Projections pamwedzi wega wega kwegore rimwechete sechikamu cheMari yeChirongwa chikamu chebhizinesi rako rebhizimisi.
Kune zvikamu zvitatu kune Cash Flow Projection. Chikamu chekutanga chinoshandisa Cash Revenues yako. Pinda maonero ako ekutengesa mumwedzi mumwe nomumwe. Yeuka kuti izvi ndezveCash Revenues; iwe unongotanga kutengesa iyo inoshandiswa mumari munguva yemwedzi wakatarwa iwe uri kutarisana nayo.
Chikamu chechipiri ndechekubhadhara mari yako. Tora mapoka akasiyana-siyana kubva muhomwe yako uye nyora mari mari yaunotarisira kubhadhara mwedzi iwoyo mwedzi woga woga.
Chikamu chechitatu cheCash Flow Projection ndiyo Kuyananirana kweCash Revenues kuCash Rebursements. Sezvo shoko rokuti "kuyananisa" rinoratidzira, chikamu chino chinotanga neyero rekuzarura iyo inonzi carryover kubva mumwedzi wapfuura. Mwedzi yeMwedzi wekupedzisira inowedzerwa pakero iyi; Kubudiswa kwemwedzi kwemazuva ano kunodzingwa, uye kuchinjwa kwemari yekuyeresa kuripo kunoendeswa kumwedzi unotevera.
Heano temberi yeCash Flow Projection yaungashandisa kwebhizinesi rako (kana kuti gare gare apo bhizimisi rako riri kumhanya uye rinoshanda):
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | Chivabvu | Jun | |
| CASH REVENUE | ||||||
| Imari kubva kuChate Sales | ||||||
| Imari kubva kuSeva Sales | ||||||
| TOTAL CASH REVENUES | ||||||
| ZVIDZIDZO ZOKUDA | ||||||
| Cash Kubhadhara kune Vashandi Vanoshambadzira | ||||||
| Mutungamiri Unotora | ||||||
| Mibairo uye Misha | ||||||
| Kukurudzira Kwemari Kunobhadharwa | ||||||
| Mari Yomutero Inobhadharwa | ||||||
| Imba / Mortgage Payments | ||||||
| Inishuwarenzi Inobhadhara | ||||||
| Kutengesa Telecommunication Payment | ||||||
| Zvipo Zvokubhadhara | ||||||
| TOTAL CASH DISBURSEMENTS | ||||||
| CASH FLOW | ||||||
| KUVARIRA CASH BALANCE | ||||||
| KUTSANIRA KUDZIDZA KWEBHATU | ||||||
Kupi:
MASHOKO OKUTA = MAZUVA OKUDZIDZA MAZVATU - MAZVIMBO OKUDZIDZISWA KWEMISORO
KUVARIRA CASH BALANCE = KUVIMBISA KUDZIDZISWA KWEMHURI kubva kumwedzi wapfuura
KUTSHA KUDZIDZA BHARIDHI = KUVARIRA CASH BALANCE + CASH FLOW
Zvakare, kushandisa template pane bhizinesi rako pachako, iwe uchada kubvisa uye kuwedzera Mahedheni eRevenue neZokubhadhara zvakakodzera anoshandiswa kune bhizinesi rako pachako.
Dambudziko guru pakunamata pamwe neCash Flow Projection iri kunyanya kutarisira nezvekutengeswa kwako kunotarisirwa. Terry Elliott's article, 3 Methods of Sales Forecasting , ichakubatsira iwe kudzivisa izvi uye inopa tsanangudzo yakajeka yekuti ungaita sei zvakakwana kutengesa kutengesa kweCash Flow Projections yako.
Kana uchinge wava neCash Flow Projections yako yapera, inguva yekuenderera mberi kuB balance Sheet.
The Balance Sheet
The Balance Sheet ndiyo yekupedzisira yemataurirwo emari aunofanira kuisa muChikamu cheMari yeBurongwa rebhizimisi. The Balance Sheet inopa mufananidzo webhizimisi rako 'yakakosha pane imwe nguva panguva. Inopfupikisa dhenda rose rezvemari pamusoro pebhizimisi rako, kuputsa iyo dhidhi muzvikamu zvitatu; pfuma, zvikwereti, uye kuenzana.
Dzimwe tsanangudzo dzinotanga:
Nhaka yezvinhu zviri pachena zvinhu zvekubhadhara mari izvo zvinove nekambani.
Chikwereti chikwereti chakweretwa kune ane chikwereti chekambani.
Equity ndiyo misiyano yakatsetseka apo zvikwereti zvacho zvose zvinodzingwa kubva kuhuwandu hwezvinhu .
Kuchengetwa mari yekuwana mari inowanikwa nekambani yekuwedzera, kureva kusabhadharwa sezvikamu.
Ikozvino mari yekubhadhara inowanikwa kune gore rezvemari kusvika kune rimwe remazhizha zuva (mari-mari-yekutengesa uye mari).
Nhoroondo dzose muGeneral Ledger yako dzakarongerwa sechinhu, nheyo kana kuenzaniswa. Ukama huri pakati pavo hunoratidzirwa muchiyero ichi: Nhaka = Imari + Equity .
Nokuda kwezvinangwa zvebhizimisi rako, iwe uri kuumba pro forma Kuenzanisa Sheet kunotarisirwa kufupikisa mashoko ari muNhepfenyuro yeNyaya uye Cash Flow Projections. Kazhinji bhizinesi rinogadzirira Balance Sheet kamwechete pagore.
Heano template yeB balance Sheet iyo yaungashandisa pakuronga kwebhizimisi rako (kana kuti gare gare apo bhizimisi rako riri kumhanya uye rinoshanda):
| MASHOKO | $ | KUVAKA | $ |
| Nhasi Mafa | Current Liabilities | ||
| Cash muBhangi | Nhoroondo dzinobhadharwa | ||
| Petty Cash | Zororo Rinobhadhara | ||
| Net Cash | Imari Imari Inowanikwa | ||
| Inventory | Mitero yeTsika | ||
| Nhoroondo dzinowanikwa | Pension Payable | ||
| Prepaid Inishuwarenzi | Union Inoshandiswa Kubhadharwa | ||
| Nhamba Yese Inoshandisa Pfuma | Chiremba Anobhadhara | ||
| Vashandi Vokubhadhara Kubhadhara | |||
| State / Provincial Tax Kubhadhara | |||
| Fixed Assets: | Total Current Liabilities | ||
| Land | |||
| Zvivakwa | Mazuva Akareba Masimba | ||
| Zvishoma kuderera | Mari Yenguva refu | ||
| Net Land & Buildings | Mortgage | ||
| Zvose Zvikwereti Zvakare | |||
| Zvishandiso | |||
| Zvishoma kuderera | TOTAL ZVINHU ZVINHU | ||
| Net Equipment | |||
| EQUITY | |||
| KUZIVA | |||
| Muridzi weEquity - Capital | |||
| Muridzi - Draws | |||
| Akachengetwa Mipiro | |||
| Mibayiro Yemazuva Ano | |||
| Zvose Zvipo | |||
| TOTAL EQUITY | |||
| TOTAL MIBATSIRO | VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU | ||
Zvakare, iyi template iyi muenzaniso wezvikamu zvakasiyana zvezvinhu uye zvikwereti zvinogona kushanda kune bhizinesi rako. The Balance Sheet ichazadza maakare amakaisa muGeneral Ledger yako . Iwe unogona kuchinja marongerwo aya muB balance Sheet template pamusoro apa kuti uite maererano nebhizinesi rako pachako.
Kana uchinge wapedza Balance yako Sheet yapera, wakagadzirira kunyora kuongorora kwenguva pfupi pane imwe neimwe yezvitatu zvemari. Paunenge uchinyora izvi kuongorora ndima, unoda kuvadzivirira uye kuvhara zvinhu zvinokosha, panzvimbo pokunyora zvakadzama kuongororwa. Zvinyorwa zvezvemari pachavo (Income Statement, Cash Flow Projections, uye Balance Sheet) ichaiswa muurongwa hwebhizimisi rako reAppendices.