Chikoroji chekare chinotidzidzisa zvese zvatinoda kuziva pamusoro pekugovera.
A Logistics / Supply Chain article inofanirwa - yakakodzera - ita chimwe chinhu chakafanana newe.
Ndinoziva kuti vazhinji venyu hamuna nguva (kana mafungiro) ekuita maawa gumi nemazana emakumi matatu ekuzvitsaurira kwekutengeserana kunodiwa kuti ave nyanzvi yekugadzirisa kuverenga , mari yezvinhu , uye kutengeswa kwevatengi. Ndicho chikonzero iwe une maneja wekambani yekutengesa kana timu yekutengeserana kana Wikipedia. Asi zvidzidzo zvinowanikwa muChinhu cheLogistics / Supply Chain chinofanira kukupa chivimbo chekufamba kuenda kune dhipatimendi rako rekutengesa uye unofunga pamusoro pekuverenga kuverenga kana kudzorera zvakare pfungwa.
Kana Gould aigona kushandisa Kudya kweWorms nekudzivirirwa kwePrague kunyoresa nhoroondo, kuvhiringidzika, uye paleontology - Ndinofanira kukwanisa kusunungura zvinetso zvekutengeserana pasina chero chinhu chinopfuura peanut butter uye jelly sandwich.
Kutanga kuonga kwako kweketani yekutengesa, ngatitange neBOM yeBB & J.
Bhuku Rezvinyorwa ndizvo chaizvo zvarinonzwa. Ndirwendo (kureva "bhiri") yezvinhu zvose zvinoumba chigadzirwa chako.
Nzira iyo inotonhorera iyo yatinopa chain chain kufanana neBOM ndeyokuti imwe yezvinyorwa izvi zvinonzwika. BOM inonzi "bom" - sekuti, "iwe wakadonha BOM kwandiri" uye "iwe da BOM." Unogona kuona kufara kwatinoita mune zvekugovera.
Kana iwe ukavaka Chevrolet yekurarama, BOM yako ndiyo ~ 200,000 zvikamu zvinoumba iyo Cruze.
Kana kugadzirwa kweViagra ndicho chinhu chako, BOM yako ndiyo sildenafil citrate (100 mg), zvimwe zvinokonzera, kusunga zvinhu, bhodhoro replastiki, bhota yekotoni, uye mucherechedzo wepombi. Pamusoro pePB & J, BOM yako is Bread, yakatswa, 2 rimwe nerimwe; jelly, 2.5 heaping tablespoons; peanut butter, 2 heaping tablespoons.
Kuzadzisa BOM ndiyo yako yekugadzira router . Router inokuudza kuti ungaita sei chigadzirwa chako uchishandisa zviri paBOM yako. BOM ndiyo inongedzo yekunyora. Iyo router ndiyo kamukira. Routers vanokuudza kuti zvii zvinoshandiswa kugadzira suo rako re Cruze kusvika kune mahara kana kuti zvichazotora nguva yakareba sei diamond yako yebhuruu kuti iomanikidzwe kuumbwa. Munyaya yePB & J, router yako inotarisa chimwe chinhu chakadai:
Op 1 - chingwa chechingwa pachikafu (x2); 20 seconds (x2); mushure memasekondi makumi mana
Op 2 - kuparadzira jelly pachingwa (midziyo: banga); 45 seconds
Op 3 - kuparadzira peanut butter pane chingwa (midziyo: banga 2); 50 seconds
Op 4 - press jelly side peanut butter side; 5 seconds
Zvose kushanda nguva = 140 seconds
Saka, kana wakagadzirira kugadzirwa kuti utange, zvinotora iwe maminitsi maviri nemaminitsi makumi maviri kuti ubudise iyo PB & J kumutengi wako.
Asi isu tiri kutarisana mberi kwedu pachedu. Kupa iyi chain chain chain kudzidza zvimwe zvinokurumidzira, ngatitangei muenzaniso wehupenyu-hwemutengi wevanhu vanoda.
Iti mwana wako ane makore gumi ari neshamwari nhatu kupfuura musi weMugovera masikati. Nhasi China uye vakagadzirira zvingwa zvavo zvekare - zvina PB & J. Icho ndicho chinodiwa chekuzadzikiswa kwekambani. Ko kani yako yekutengesera inogona kusangana nekutengeswa kwevatengi vako ( zvinotengeswa nemutengi wako pavanenge vaida )? Ngatitarisei zvakadzika mukutengeserana kwako kuti uone.
Tier II vatengesi
Kure, kure - kungopfuura kwemazasari emaketani ako epamberi-ndeye Tier II vatengesi. Funga Welch's, Wonder uye Skippy. Ava ndivo vatengi vanopa vapeji venyu. Vatengesi venyu ndivo mabhuku ezvitoro, uye vanowana jelly yavo, chingwa nepepanut butter kubva kune vane Tier II vatengesi.
Iwe unogona kufunga kuti iwe hauna chakanaka pamusoro pavo, asi funga kuti Mutengesi Joe uye Costco akaitei kune wako Tier II vatengesi. Vashandi vakaita kuti Trader Joe's neKirkland mabhii zvive zvakanaka-kana, kana zvisingaiti, zvinobatsira.
Mutengesi Joe's uye Costco akabatanidzwa pamwe chete, uye mutengi akabhadhara kukwanisa kwavo kuita michina yakanakisisa zvisingakwanisi - uye vakazviita kuburikidza nehutano hweVaTer II ivo pachavo.
Izvo-mukati yekuverenga iyo ina PB & J yeMugovera - zvingasave zvisingakwanisi kutaurirana Wonder Bread kutyaira mari yako yezvigadzire pasi, kushanda neTier II vapeji kuti vataurirane nezvezvinhu zvakasvibirira mari , kuchengetedza simba rekugadzira, nekugadzirisa chero Kinks pakati pavo nevanopa vapeti yakanaka.
Vatengi
Your Safeway iri mutaundi. Izvo zvine mutengo uye zvinotakura zvinhu zvose kubva kune jeri remazambiringa mazambiringa kusvika kune-12 chingwa chezviyo. Zvako zvose Zvokudya zviri pasi pomugwagwa. Iyo iyo yakagadzirwa, yakagadzirwa nepepanut butter iwe unofarira zvakanyanya inogona kungochengetwa ipapo. Uye imomo inonyanya kukanganisa kutengesa.
Mutengo, unhu, nguva yekutungamirira-yakagadziridzwa kugadzirwa ndiro basa rezvinhu zvitatu. Zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti vawane chikamu chiduku. Izvo zvinhu zvinowanikwa zvinouya nemutengo wemari. Ndeipi chinangwa chekugadzirisa uwandu hwekutengesa ? Kuchengeta mari pasi? Kutsigira nguva dzekushanduka? Kuti kuderedze mari yehutano? Muchiitiko ichi, vane makore gumi-siyana vakagadza vana PB & J kweMugovera kutakura havana kufungidzira muzvigadzirwa zvepeanut butter - saka Skippy kubva kuSwayway ichaita.
Logistics
Kugadziriswa uye kutengeswa hazvisi zvimwechetezvo. Kugadziriswa ndiko kutungamirirwa kwekufamba kwezvinhu. Ndiyo nzira yekufambisa, mari yekutakura uye chikonzero chekutakura - se "Nei wakatumira 5,000 titanium golf club misoro nemhepo?" (Kutakura air zvinhu zvinorema zvinokurumidza asi zvinodhura zvikuru.) Kugadziriswa ibasa re shanduro yekutengesa, kungofanana nekutsvaga ibasa rekugovera. Kutarisira kugadziriswa ndiko kuve nechokwadi kuti une gesi mumotokari uye nguva yakakwana yekuenda Safeway, kana iwe uchida kuzadza.
Incoterms
Kana uri kutenga P yako, B kana J kubva kuSwayway kana Whole Foods, Incoterms yako "yekare" mabasa kubva iwe uri kutora ugova pane zvekupa. Incoterms ndeyeMitemo Yekutengeserana Munyika Yose - uye kune zvakawanda zvavo. Kana uri kutenga peanut butter yako kubva kuAmazon, Incoterms yako DAP (inowanikwa panzvimbo). Kana iwe ukazoguma uchitenga jelly yako kubva kune mutengesi muPudong (kuderedza mari yezvinhu), yako Incoterms inogona kunge iri FOB Shanghai (iyo inoreva kushambadzira pabhodhi, zvinoreva kuti mupi wako anopa mari yekuisa pane imwe ndege kana ngarai kutenga mari yekutakura, zvinoreva kuti zvikamu makumi matatu nezviviri zvawakaponesa nekutenga jelly muChina zvinopfuura kukanganiswa nemari yako yekutakura, kunze kwekuti iwe wakatenga zviuru gumi zvemiti zvejelly).
Warehousing
Iwe une nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza zvitatu mukicheni yako - pantryut (peanut butter), kutaridzirwa kwemamiriro okunze (jelly) uye countertop (chingwa). Nokuda kwekodzero yekuenzanisa kwakarurama, unogona kubatanidza-ona zvinhu zvose zvitatu munzvimbo yekudzivirira kwemamiriro ekunze, asi iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yako yakadhura. Kuti uwedzere basa rako rekutora-uye-pack , unogona kugadzirira kusarudza PB & J yako zvishandiso munzvimbo yako yegungano (tafura yekicheni) kuti ugadzire basa. Asi nekuda kwezvinhu zvinoparara zvezvivako zvako, iwe unogona kungoita matanho ako zvishoma nguva pfupi basa risati rasvika kutanga.
Cycle count
Kufanana nemuchina wekutengesa zvakanaka iwe uri, iwe unotenderera kuverenga zvishandiso zvako usiku hwakatangira. Zvikamu zvisere zvechingwa. Zvitatu zvemvura yejeri yejelly. Uye ibhu idzva reScarppy. Wose wakagadzirirwa.
Nzvimbo yekuchengetedza kudarika reorder point
Nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza uye mapurogiramu ekudzorerazve haasi chinhu chimwechete - kunze kwekuti ivo. Vamwe vanhu vanovabata sechinhu chimwe chete, uye dzimwe nguva reorder yako nzvimbo inogona kunge iri panzvimbo yako yekuchengetedza nzvimbo - asi izvozvo hazviiti kuti zvive chinhu chimwe chete. Nzvimbo yekuchengetedza ndiyo mari yaunoramba uchivhara nokuda kwekuda-kutarisirwa kudai kana zvimwe zvinyorwa mukutsvaga kana kupa mabhii. Ngatiti iwe unoziva kuti unotenga zvimwe zvepaniti yako peanut butter paunenge uchidzika kusvika hafu yegeji - hafu yegeji ndiyo yako reorder point. Ngatitii paunosvika kune Whole Foods, ivo vasiri paboka, asi vachava nevhiki. Iwe unoziva kuti iwe uchava wakanaka, nokuti pasi pekudzoka kwako kwepamusoro - iwe wakagadzirisa mune chekuchengetedza kwema quarter quarter. Unonzwisisa? Kuti uise mitemo yeMugovera wekuda kwekodzero yemutengi:
Unforecast Demand
Mwanasikana wenyu ane makore manomwe anofanira kuuya nehokudya nekuda kwake Mugovera AM soccer game. Anosarudza kugadzira PB & J quarters uye anodonha jelly yako inventory pasi payo reorder pointpoint. Uye iye anoderedza chingwa chako chokuverenga. Iko zvino yava pasi peawa kusvikira iwe uchida kutora 4 PB & J yako. Iwe unoverenga kuti une peanut butter yakakwana inowanika, uye iwe unogona kushandisa jelly rako rekuchengetedza soro - asi unofanira kudzorera chingwa chako.
Mwana wako ane makore gumi anonyorera neshamwari dzake - maminitsi gumi nemangwanani-uye vane nzara. (Wakatengi wako akadzokorora zvaanoda kutora.)
Iwe wakatotora kuti iwe unoda maminitsi gumi nemaminetsi makumi maviri kuti uite sandwiches. Rwendo rweSwayway (uye kumashure) ruchava maminitsi makumi matatu. Asi rwendo rweWonke Foods (uye kumashure) runongova nemaminitsi gumi nemaviri. Pane mari yepamutengo yekutenga Whole Foods chingwa, asi chinonyanya kukosha ikozvino ndiyo inotungamirira nguva. Maminitsi gumi nemaviri gare gare, uri kumashure mukicheni yako. Iwe unosarudza zvigadzirwa zvako uye unotanga nzira yekugadzira. Uye 9:20 gare gare, mutengi wako anogamuchira zvavanoda, kana vachida.
On-Time Kutengesa Vatengi
Kune avo vari mumigodhi yekutengeserana, iyi ibasa ravo - kuve nechokwadi chokuti vatengi vanowana zvavanoda apo vanoda - kuva nezvinhu zvokutora, asi kwete zvakawanda-uye kuti vaite izvo zvichishandisa dhiyabhorosi zvisingavimbiki. Kugadzirisa hutsva hwekutenga zvinoreva kuvaka muitiro inogona kufanotaura kusatendeka uye kugadzirisa zvaunotora nekupa nguva.
Iye zvino, enda uye unofadza shamwari dzako nevashandi pamwe chete. Iwe unoziva zvakawanda pamusoro pekutengeserana sezvinoita pamusoro pekushanduka-shanduka kwehupenyu.
* Muna 2002, Gould paakafa nekurwa kwechipiri kwekenza, ndakanzwa nyaya paNPR. Ndakatora motokari yangu pamusoro uye ndikachema. Ndakadya zvinyorwa zvemurume wacho nemabhuku. Ndapota tsvagai kuverenga kwake uye kuiverenga. Iye achakudzidzisa pamusoro pekufananidza kwekugadzirisa uye kukudzidzisa iwe nekukushungurudza uye kukupikisa iwe semunyori mukuru anofanira. Uyezve, akazvitamba pachake paThe Simpsons.