Libel uye makuhwa ndiwo marudzi ekutsvaira, kureva chirevo chinokanganisa mukurumbira wemunhu kana sangano. Kuti zvikwanise kuva shanje kana kuchera, zvinyorwa zvenhema zvinofanira kuva zvinokuvadza uye zvinokonzera kukuvadza kune imwe sangano.
Kuti aratidze kupesana, munhu anofanira kuratidza zvose zvinotevera:
- Mashoko aya pamusoro pake aiva nhema.
- Mashoko acho akakuvadza neimwe nzira.
- Mashoko aya akaudzwa kune mumwe wechitatu.
- Mashoko aya akanga asina ropafadzo (yakavanzika). Muenzaniso wehurukuro inofanirwa uchapupu hwakapiwa neuchapupu munguva yekuedzwa.
Muenzaniso
Maria anonyora bhuroti rakakurumbira nezvezviitiko munharaunda yake. Her blog ine zviuru zvevateveri. Maria anoparidzira chibvumirano chebhuku chichitsanangura Bhiri rakanyengedza mari kubva kune aimboshandira uye ikozvino rakavhara mhosva yacho. Mashoko aMariya ndeechokwadi. Kunyange zvakadaro, Bill anodzingwa kubva kubasa rake pabhangi nekuda kweshoko rakashata. Bill anorovera Maria nokuda kwekutsvaga. Kuti aratidze mhosva yake, Bill anoratidza kuti:
- Mashoko aMariya pamusoro pake ndeechokwadi.
- Mhemberero yaMariya yenhema yakamukuvadza nekumuita kuti arasikirwe nebasa rake.
- Mharidzo yenhema yaMariya yakataurirwa kune vamwe vanhu vazhinji (vaverengi vaMaria); and
- Mashoko aMariya akanga asina ropafadzo.
Bill anotsigira musikana wake naMaria, uyo anomanikidzwa kumubhadhara $ 20,000 mukumubhadhara kuripo .
Liberi nekuchera
Libel iri kuremekedza zvinyorwa zvinyorwa. Chiito chekutuka chinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nenzira ipi neipi inooneka kusanganisira kudhinda (mapepanhau, magazini), mifananidzo, zvifananidzo, uye mafirimu. Kuchera kunopesana nemashoko anotaurwa.
Mashoko anotaurirwa nemashoko kuburikidza nezvinobudisa nhau anogona kusvika kuvanhu vakawanda.
Nokudaro, kune dzimwe zvichiti kudzvinyirirwa kunoitwa nemashoko akataurwa pamusoro peredhiyo, terevhizheni kana Indaneti inogona kuonekwa sechinyengeri pane kunyomba. Kuchera kunogona kududzirwa sekutaura kwechirevo kunotsanangurwa kune vanhu vashomanana. Apo chimwe chiitiko chekuzvidzivirira chinogona kufungidzirwa kuti chikwanise chikamu chipi nechipi, dare rinowanzoita chisarudzo kana ichi chiri chirevo kana kunyomba.
Liberi uye makuhwa zviito. Chikanganiso ndechokukanganisa kwevanhu, kupesana kwekodzero dzevanhu. Kusagadzikana kunewo zvakaipa. Asi, kusaremekedza ndechokuvhiringidza kusingarangariri asi kushingaira uye makuhwa ndezvokuda. Nzira dzekufunga ndezvezviito zvechikonzero zvinoputsa kodzero dzevanhu.
Zvimwe zvido zvekuda zvezvemhosva. Mienzaniso ibheti uye kurwisa. Liberi inogonawo kuva mhosva. Dzimwe nyika dzakagadza mitemo yezvakaipa zvekuita kuti vanhu varege kushandisa Internet vachizvidza vamwe.
Kudzivirirwa
Mumwe munhu anokanganisa anogona kupomerwa kana zviito zvake zvichikuvadza kune imwe sangano. Munhu akaregererwa kana kuchera anogona kutsvaga kukuvadza kubva kumunhu anotadza kuburikidza nekuisa mhosva kune iye. Mutadzi anogona kubudirira kuzvidzivirira kuburikidza nekuratidza chero chekutevera:
- Mashoko aya ndeechokwadi.
- Mashoko aya akaitwa nemubvumirano weumwe.
- Mashoko acho akapiwa ropafadzo.
- Mashoko aya akataurirwa zvisina kuitika.
Semuenzaniso, Maria aigona kuzvidzivirira pamhosva yeBill nekuratidza kuti Bill aipomerwa neaimbova mushandirwi uye akawana mhosva yekutengesa.
Public Figures
Vakuru vakuru vevanhu, vanozivikanwa nevamwe vanhu vakawanda vane zvidziviriro zvishomanana nezvekuparadzana kunowanzoita munhu wega wega. Munhu wevoruzhinji akasarudza kuzviisa pamberi pevanhu. Kuti aratidze kuipa kana kuchera, iye anofanira kuratidza kuti mutambudzi akaita nenzira ine utsinye. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutadzi aiziva kuti chirevo chacho chakanga chisiri chenhema kana kuti akaratidza kusaremekedza kusina hanya kana kuti chaiva chokwadi kana nhema.
Opinion Versus Defamation
Mafungiro asina kururama haapi kuti kuparadzanisa. Mafungiro haasi chokwadi chinogona kuratidzirwa kuva chechokwadi kana chenhema.
Mumuenzaniso wekare, fungidzira kuti Maria anonyora bhodhi rinotaridza kuti Bill inzwi guru, rinotyisa. Bill anogona kuwana mazwi aMariya achituka. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvaanotaura ndizvo zvaanofunga uye hazvisi zvikonzero zvekufukidzira saramende.
Inishuwarenzi
Mhosva dzinopesana newe kana kuti iwe wakasimba nokuda kwekutuka kana kuchera kungave yakafukidzwa nehuwandu hwemhosva yako pasi peUnhu neKushambadzira Injury Coverage . Nokuda kwekuti kudai kwakafukidzwa, mamiriro ese aya anotevera anofanira kugutsikana:
- Icho chirevo kana chechera chinofanira kunge chave chakaitwa munharaunda yekuparidzira uye panguva yako yechirongwa;
- Iko kukanganisa kunofanira kunge kwakabuda mune bhizimisi rako;
- Icho chiito chinofanira kunge chave chakaitwa newe kana imwe inshuwarisi ; and
- Mutsara unofanirwa kuva nenzira yehurukuro yemuromo kana yakanyorwa. Mashoko aya anofanira kuchera kana kunyengera mumwe munhu, kana kupesana nezvinhu zveumwe munhu, michina kana mabasa.