Zvokudya zvinoshanda basa rinowedzera kukosha pakuvandudza hutano hwenyika. Maererano neNational Policy an Legal Analysis Network kuti Kudzivirira Kukura Kwevana (NPLAN), pamusoro pemakore makumi maviri adarika, chikamu chemazuva ose makoriji akaparadzwa kunze kwemba anenge anenge kaviri. Nekuwedzera kwekudya, United States yakaona kuwedzera kwakakura kwekurema, kuwedzera uye zvirwere zvisingaperi zvakadai sechirwere chetachiona uye chirwere chemwoyo.
Nhasi, vana mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemakumi maviri ehuwandu hwehuwandu kana hupfumi muUnited States, nhamba yakadarika kubva muna 1970 kune vana vane makore 6-11.
Apo maresitorendi haagoni kunge ari oga mhosva yehutano hwehutano huripo, ivo vanotamba chikamu chinonyanya kukosha chekugadzirisa. Nokubatanidza nhamba yakakura yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemenyu, horesti inokwanisa kukonzera kusarudzwa kwezvokudya zvevatengi uye kubatsira kuvatungamirira kuhutano hwakasarudzwa. Kuumba mabiko ezvokudya zvekutengesa hakusi kunze kwezvinetso zvisinei. Zvokudya zvine ruzivo rwakawanda zvishoma uye hachisi chakavanzika chine hutano hwakanaka, semichero mitsva nemiriwo zvine mararamiro mashomanana mashomanana kupfuura mazhenje eFrench fries kana burger patties. Kune mazano akawanda ayo vadzidzisi vekutengesa vanogona kushandisa kuitira kuti menusiti avo ave noutano hwakanaka apo vachiri kuchengetedza zvakakwana zvokudya zvekudya uye zvikwereti.
Mazuva ano Restaurant Yokudya
Kudya maitiro muUnited States zvakashandura zvakanyanya kudarika makore makumi mashanu adarika uye zvikonzero izvo vanhu vanosarudza kudya kudya kunze kwemisha yavo zvakasiyana pane zvaive makore 20, 30 kana makumi mana akapfuura.
Mhuri inogona kusarudza kubata kudya kweApplee's kana Olive Garden, nokuti iri nyore uye inodhura, asi makore makumi matatu akapfuura vangangodya kudya kwechiitiko chakakosha kana kurapa. Vanhu veAmerica vari kushamwaridzana uye kunyanya kusimbiswa kudarika kare kare uye kusununguka kazhinji kunowedzera hutano pazvinouya pane zvavanotenga kuti zvive zvokudya.
Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwekutsanya kwezvokudya zvaketani seMcDonalds, iyo, maererano newebsite yayo, iko zvino inenge inenge 70 muzana yebhizimisi rayo kuburikidza nekutya-nehwindo.
Zvichipa basa idzva iro nzvimbo dzekudyara dzinotarisa mumazuva ehupenyu hwevanhu vakawanda veAmerica, hazvisi izvo zvisina kukodzera nehurumende kuti inoda hutano hwakanaka hwemasarudzo kuvaridzi. Asi ichocho chiri chikumbiro chinonzwisisika chekudya, izvo zvino vatoita zvishoma pamiganhu ine zvishoma here? Uye vanhu vangada kutenga zvigaro zvoutano here? Pashure pezvose, kana akapiwa sarudzo pakati pe cheeseburger kana kuti saradhi yakasvibirira, vangani vanhu vangasarudza sakadhi? Kunyange zvazvo pasina mhinduro chaiyo kune dambudziko iro, pane zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinovimbisa zvinotsigira pfungwa yokuti kana ichipiwa sarudzo, pamwe nekuita kuti vamwe vaite, vanhu vazhinji vachasarudza mimwe yemenyu yemenyu kana vachidya kunze.
Mishonga Yakachengetedza Migumisiro Yehutano Huzhinji
Muna 1955, anenge 25 muzana yemari yemhuri yemhuri yakaenda kune zvokudya. Nhasi, nhamba iyoyo yakawedzera kusvika 55 muzana. Kudya mumaresitorendi kunowanzobatanidzwa nekusarudzwa kwezvokudya zvishoma zvishoma uye pakupedzisira kuwedzerwa uremu uye kunogona kuneta. Kuwedzerwa kushandiswa kwezvokudya zvakave zvakabikwa, zvakanyanya mu sodiamu uye neshuwa zvinwiwa zvinowanzoonekwa muzvitoro zvekudyara munyika yose.
Kunyangwe pane zvinyorwa zvekutengesa izvo zvine pfungwa dzakanaka seChipotle, pamwe nekudya kwayo nekutendeseka motto, kana kuti Panera nekudya kwayo sezvainofanira kuva motto, yega yezvinhu zvinhu zvine zvitatu kana mana zvakakurudzirwa kuti zvive zvekudya kumwe chete, kwete kureva zvakakwirira mazinga e sodium, mafuta uye shuga. Vatsigiri vehutano vehutano vave vari kukurudzira mishonga yekutengesa kuti vape sarudzo dzakanaka kune vatengi, senzira yekupa vatengi maitiro ekuita sarudzo dzakanaka. Dzimwe nzira dzakakurumbira dzehutano hwehutano hwemashoko ane hutano dzinosanganisira kugovera ruzivo rwekudya pane menus, zvikamu zviduku pamitengo yakaderedzwa uye kusanganisira michero yakawanda nemiriwo uye mbeu yose. Mameji ane hutano haafaniri kunge achivhiringidza. Pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutengesa dzinogona kupa zvikwereti zvine hutano kune vatengi izvo zvose zviripo uye zvinonaka.
Pakave nekukurumidza kusununguka kubva kumabhizinesi emabhizimisi, saNational Restaurant Association, pazvinouya pakurongedza zvekudya zvekudya, nekurondedzera mutoro wemitemo inowanikwa kune mabhizimisi maduku maduku. Uye kune kuve nekutsoropodza kwakawanda kwemazuva ano manyore kusinganetsi. Asi hapana chimwe cheizvi chinoshandura chokwadi iyo US iri mudambudziko rehutano kana zvichiuya zvokudya neresitoro zvine mukana wekubatsira.
Nzira Yokugadzira Healthy Menu
Nekunge kana kusina federal mazano kana mazano, chero nzvimbo yekutoro, pasinei noukuru, nzvimbo kana pfungwa, uye kusarudza kuisa sarudzo dzakanaka mumumenyu yavo iripo. Mune imwe shamwari yakarongedza 2017 yekutsvaga kwekudyidzana kwakabatanidzwa muSpain, zvivako zvekudya zvitanhatu mumhuri mbiri dzakasiyana dzakasiyana-siyana dzakagadzirisa zvirongwa zvemenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira kugovera ruzivo rwezvokudya uye zvechirwere, kuwedzera nhamba kana kusarudzwa kwezvokudya zvine hunoonekwa, nekudzidzisa vashandi kudya zvakanaka uye allergens. Pakupera kwekudzidza, zvivako izvo zvakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya kuwedzera zvipo zvemidziyo kusanganisira mbeu yose, yemiti nemichero, pamwe nekuderedza ndiro dzakabikwa. Nokuda kwezvokudya zvakabikwa zvakanga zvichiri kugoverwa, mafuta emhando yakashandurwa kubva pamafuta emafuta kana kuti eoicic acid sunflower mafuta, kuitira sarudzo yakanaka. Nzira idzi idzi dzinogona kushandiswa muUnited States.
Pamwe chete nekupa sarudzo dzakanaka, kuiswa kwemenu kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yekuti kana vasiri vashandi vanosarudza sarudzo dzakanaka. Maererano neminjini inonzi Gregg Rapp, nzvimbo dzekudhara dzinogona kushandisa zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa pamameseji kusimbisa zvinhu zvavanoda kutengesa. Kushandisa mifananidzo yemagetsi, kuisa mhando yezvinhu mukati me "prime real estate" zvikamu zvemenu (kumusoro kwemashongwe kana mukati mebhokisi rakasimbiswa) inzira mbiri dzekuwedzera kutengesa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvinhu. Nenzira idzi maitiro aya akashandiswa kukurudzira yakanyanya kufarirwa (uye kazhinji iyo yakanyanya kudya zvokudya inoshamwaridzana) zvinhu pane menyu, kwete chaiyo yehutano hwemenyu yakasarudzwa. Zvokudya zvinoda kupa mhuka yakagadzikana inofanirwa kufungidzira zvinhu zvakaderera mafuta, zvikamu zviduku, zvine zvimwe zvibereko, miriwo uye zviyo zvakakwana uye zvishoma zvepamusoro mafuta uye yakakwirira koriori kudya.
Kukura kwemenyu uye kutengesa mutengo kune dzimwe nzira dzekutengesa kukurudzira vatengi kuti vasarudze zvinhu zvemenyu zvine utano. Maererano neRpp, menusiti makuru anotadzisa kukanganisa vatengi maitiro, naizvozvo kana uchida kukurudzira kudya kwakanaka, funga kuvhara mari yezvinhu zvisina kunaka pamenyu. Kuyeuka zvekutengesa kunokosha zvakare. Kupinza madhigirii kumusoro mune imwe korombo kunobvumira vatengi kuti vawane nyore chinhu chakanyanya kudhura mumenyu, zvichiwedzera mikana yekuitenga. Mitengo inotyisa mukati mekutsanangurwa kwemenu inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuti vatengi vaite zero pane zvishoma zvingasarudzwa.
Dzidzisai Vashandi Vako Vekudya Kuti Vakukurudzire Menyu Yezvinhu Zvine Utano
Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zviduku zvinotengeswa zvinogona kuita kuti mishonga yavo ive noutano hwakanaka, vachiri kuchengetedza zvokudya zvinoderedza uye kuchengeta purofiti. Zviri pachena kuti mutsva we frawberries mutsva une nguva shomanana yekuchengetedza hupenyu kupfuura bhokisi remafriji echiFrench. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvipembenene zvekutengesa zvakatarisana kana uchiedza kupa sarudzo dzakanaka. Kuita kuti vashandi vako vadzidziswe kukurudzira zvinhu zvakanaka, zvakadai apo kana vatengi vachikumbira mazano, vanoita kuti zvinhu zvinoparara zvinoshandiswa kutanga. Vadzidzisi vakagadzirwa zvakanaka vakanyanyokoshawo pakugadzira menyu ine utano yakakwana. Haisi chete mutungamiriri mukuru anofanira kuziva kugadzirira nekupa zvinhu zvakanakisisa zvemenu zvinhu nenzira inonakidza, iye anofanirawo kuziva nzira yekuyambuka kushandisa zvigadzirwa kuderedza kudyiwa kwezvokudya.
Kuumba mishonga yezvokudya yakagwinya haisi yakaoma uye haifaniri kutengesa mari yekudyira mari yakawanda. Kana kuti hazvidi kuti chigadzirwa chese chinokwana. Chero chero chikafu chekutengesa, kubva kune imwe yezvokudya zvekuzvimiririra kusvika kune imwe-unit unit chain chain inogona kupa sarudzo dzakanaka uye kushandisa mazano anobatsira vatengi kuita sarudzo dzakanaka.
Sources:
http://news.mcdonalds.com/Corporate/Feature-Stories-Articles/2016/How-Drive-Thru-Windows-Changed-the-Way-America-Ord
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/01/upshot/more-menus-have-calorie-labeling-but-obesity-rate-remains-high.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5420099/