Hazvina mhosva kuti zvipembenene zvisingafadzi zvingaratidzika sei kwauri, zvinokambaira zvinokambaira zvakadai semasokorms, mambukira, uye macricket zvinogona kuva chinhu chikuru cheproteine muzvokudya zvako.
Pfungwa yezvipembenene sezvokudya zvinogona kuita kuti ganda rako rikwe, asi zvakadyiwa nevanhu kwezviuru zvemakore. Nhasi ivo vanopedzisira vachishandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi. Kudyarwa kwezvipembenene semakriketi zvakabviswa munyika dzakawanda kusanganisira Thailand, India, South Africa, neKenya.
Kune zviyero zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chokuita nekuwanda kwavanodyiwa. Vazhinji vanotsigira zvinonzi entomophagy (izwi remagetsi nekuda kwezvokudya zvipembenene) vanoti zvipembenene zvinodyiwa mu80 muzana yenyika, asi Chikafu neKurima Sangano (FAO) yeUnited Nations mumushumo wegore ra2013 inoti 20 muzana yevanhu vepasi pose vanodya zvipembenene. Ngatinyatsocherechedza zvingaita zvezvipembenene sezvimwe zvirongwa zvekudya zvakachengeteka.
Nei Tichidya Zvidumbu?
Zvipembenene hazvina kutengesa, zvinovaka muviri uye maererano nevamwe vatsigiri, "zvinonaka." Kune zvipembenene zvinodarika 2 100 zvezvipembenene zvinodyiwa. Vanotipa sarudzo dzakawanda dzezvigadziro zvekugadzirira zvokudya zvine zvipembenene. FAO inotaura kuti zvipembenene zvinodyiwa zvine mapuroteni anoyevedza, amino acids, vitamini, calcium, zinc, uye iron kune vanhu.
Kana uine utano hwakanaka hweprotheni, emaminerari, nezvimwe zvinhu uri kutsvaga mune zvekudya zvako, imwe nzvimbo yekudya yeMicrosoft inotarisa unyanzvi inogona kunge yakakosha.
Funga kuti magiramu zana emombe anopa magiramu 29 emuprotini, asiwo magiramu 21 emafuta. Kune rumwe rutivi, magiramu zana emhashu ane 20 gramu eprotheni uye 6 magamu mana emafuta.
Mukuwedzera kune chikafu chavo chekudya, kutengesa zvipembenene zvekutengeserana kune zvishoma zvishoma pamusana pemamiriro ekunze kupfuura mamwe madzinza emaprotheni.
Kuzarura zviitiko zvezvipfuwo zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwemapato gumi nematanhatu emagetsi ezvinokonzerwa nemagetsi. Asi kudyiswa kwezvipembenene kunobvisa zvishoma zvishoma gorosi yegesi, methane, uye ammonia kupfuura mombe uye nguruve, uye inoda mvura shoma. Ndichaisa ruzivo rwezvekusimudzira kwezvipembenene sezvokudya mune imwe chikamu chekupedzisira chenyaya ino.
Nhoroondo yeInsect Consumption
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, zvipembenene zvakapedzwa nevanhu kwezviuru zvemakore, kubva panguva yevavhimi vekare nevatori. Muitiro wacho wakaenderera mberi kuchinja nekubudirira kwenharaunda. VaGiriki nevaRoma vaizivikanwa kuti vaidya mhashu nemapuropa ebhekete. Mumwe anozivikanwa wechiGiriki muzivi uye sainzi akanyora nezvekukohwa cicadas inonaka. Uye kunyange muTesitamente yekare, St. John mubhabhatidzi anorondedzera kuti wakapona sei pauchi nemhashu apo aigara mugungwa rakadzika.
VaAgeria vekare vaishandiswa kudya mhashu sechinhu chiduku uye chine utano hwezvokudya. Vakabika mumvura yemunyu uye vaite kuti zviome mumasikati. Vaboriginal Australians vaishandiswa kudya zvokudya zvakagadzirwa nemashu. Vanodyawo mazamu nemafuta.
Ndezvipi Nyika Zvinodya Zvipembenene Zvikuru?
Mexico, Brazil, Ghana, Thailand, China, Netherlands, uye United States dzimwe dzedzimwe nyika umo kudya kwemhuka kunowanikwa zvikuru.
Kutaura zvazviri, Mexico ndiyo nyika umo kushandiswa kwemishonga kunonyanyozivikanwa. Iwe uchawana zvakawanda zvekudya zveMexico zvakadai sehonye zvakaputirwa nesipi, chokoti-yakafukidzwa nemhashu, uye mazai emasvosve akaiswa muhotela. Vanhu vekuBrazil vanoda kutora nyerere, bvisa mapapiro uye fry uye vadye. Izvo zvinofanana nemasvosve akaiswa muchokoti. Kwavari, zvipembenene zvinongoratidzika seminiti. Kudya-gwava kwakave netsika yakareba munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika iyoyo.
Zvinotyisa kuti zvipembenene zvinokwana makumi matanhatu kubva muzana zveprotein yezvokudya mune zvekudya zvekumaruwa kweAfrica. Termites yakakurumbira zvikuru, kunyanya muGhana. Zvakadini nehove yezvokudya? Kudya makatekiti, mhashu nemhando dzakawanda dzehonye dzinoita basa iri muThailand. Mafaro akawanda eThailand anoshanda zvikwata zvakakangwa pamwe chete nezvinopiwa zvavo. MuChina, yakabikwa silkworm moth maruva, uye yakabikwa nyuchi dzemapuranga zvinhu zviviri zvakajairika muzvipfeko zvekudya.
Kudya Bugs muUnited States
Nehutachiona hwekudyiwa kwezviyo zveUnited States ikozvino inyoresa $ 20 mamiriyoni gore negore mukutengesa, zvinoratidzika kuva nemukana wokukura. Kunyange zvazvo vasati vava tsika yakakurumbira, vanogadzira zvokudya vakawanda vanovimbisa America kuti vadye zvikwata nekudzidzisa vanhu nezvehutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwehutano hwakanaka hunoenderana nemutambo.
Simba reSalkworm uye tacos mutsva rinowanikwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeSan Francisco, New York, uye Washington DC. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Exo, chirongwa cheprickyte cricket, yakakura kudarika $ 4 mamiriyoni kubva kune vashandi vezita guru, zvichiita kuti zvinyorwa zvitsva, zvitsotsi-zvitsva zvakadai seUchadya Zvirwere. Ivava vateresi Vari Kubhadhara Mamiriyoni paIri. Iyo yakakura yezvipembenene zvinokonzerwa nevekudya vakaita saEngo, Chirap, uye Chapul zvose zvinyorwa pamapakoti avo izvo zvigadzirwa zvavo hazvibviri. Exo uye Chapul vanotsanangurawo kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo hazvina cheki kana soy. Vamwe vateveri vePaleo kudya muAmerica vari kutodya cricket powder protein bars. Kune CrossFit vanozvipira uye weightlifters, mapuroteni ndiro rinokosha uye makambani akadai Exo ari kuwana rubatsiro kubva kuvanhu vakadaro. Kunyange zvazvo isina kupararira zvakadaro, kudya mishonga kunove yakakurumbira muUnited States
Sustainability of Insect as Food
Maererano nekuongorora kwakangobva kuYunivhesiti yeCopenhagen, zvipembenene zvinogara zvakasimba, zvakanyanya kudarika nyama seprotini inobva. Uye maererano neUnited States, mhizha yepasi rese yezvipfuwo inodarika 14.5 muzana yepasi rose rinopisa gasi rinokonzera. Nokuenzanisa, kuburitsa kricket kunowanika ka20 zvakanyanya seprotini inobva kune mombe, uye inowedzera makumi masere makumi matanhatu methane. Uyezve, zvipembenene zvinogona kubudirira pane zvisikwa zvehupenyu, zvichiita kuti varimi vadzivirire pakukura kwezviyo zvinoshandiswa mumhuka yekudya zvinoda simba rakawandisa nemvura.
Kurera kwezvipembenene zvinoda kudya kudarika kudarika kukura mombe. Somuenzaniso, zvipembenene zvinodya mapaundi maviri ezvokudya kuti zvibudise 1 pound yenyama, apo mombe inoda mapaundi zana ezvokudya kuti iite 1 pound yemombe, FAO. Ndicho chikonzero UN yaida kuti swapping burgers yezvikwata.
Mbeu yekurima inogadzira pfungwa dzehupfumi zvakare. Sezvo zvipembenene zvinotonhora, zvinoda simba shoma kuti rirambe rakadziya. Izvi zvinobatsira kutsanangura kuti nei vachiita zvakanyanyisa pakushandura kudya muchiprotini. Funga kuti makatekete anodikanwa kudyidzana kaviri kudarika makwai, kaviri kudarika mombe nehafu hafu zvakadai se broiler kana nguruve kuti zvive nezviyero zvakafanana zveprotini. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vachiri kushamiswa pamusana pokudya zvipembenene, ivo vari kuwedzera kuonekwa seprotein yakanaka zvimwe zvokudya zvemangwana. Funga kuti muna 2050, vagari venyika vanotarisirwa kusvika mabhiriyoni gumi nemaviri. Iko kukurumidzira kwezvokudya zvinogadziriswa zveprotein zvinokonzerwa nehutano huripo huchiwedzera.
Mikana uye Matambudziko muInsect Farming
Sustainability, kuwedzera kudiwa kwemapurotini, uye kuderera kweprotein ratios ndeimwe yezvikonzero zvinoitika kutanga pasi pose zvine chido pakusimbisa mabhizimisi ekurima zvirimwa. Ynsect, kambani yekurima yezvipembenene inobva kuFrance, yakasimudza mari inopfuura $ 37 mamiriyoni mune mari. AgriProtein, kutanga kubva kuSouth Africa, yakaisa pamwe $ 30 mamiriyoni ekubhadhara mari iri kure. Zvikwereti zvakakosha zviri kuuya mune ino mutsva.
Asi chikwata hachisi kunze kwechikamu chayo chematambudziko. Kusada, kunyangadza kana kutya kwevanhu vazhinji kune kudya kwezvipembenene zvinoda kuchinja kukuru mukuona kwevanhu. Zvichipa kushorwa mumusika, mutengesi anogona kunge achigadzirisa zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira chirongwa chekugadzira zvipembenene pamwe nekuedza kudzidzisa vatengi pamusoro pezvinobatsira zvezvokudya zvezvipembenene uye zvichivabatsira kuti vaedze.
Mhedziso
Kunyange zvazvo kudya zvipembenene ipuroteni yakachengetedza yeramangwana, zvinotora nguva kukudziridza tsika apo vanhu vachanzwa sokuti vakasununguka kudya zvipembenene sekudya pane zvimwe zvokudya. Zvichida kukura kukuru kwekugadzirwa uye kugamuchirwa kwezvizhinji zvezvipembenene-kudya kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika, kana nemamwe mapoka muU.S., zvinogona kubatsira zvokudya zvakagadzirirwa nezvipembenene kuti zvigamuchirwe zvishoma nezvishoma seprotein yezuva nezuva yevanhu vazhinji. Pachave pasina kungofarira chete asiwo nekukurumidzira kuona kuti makambani matsva ekurima zvipembenene anoshanda sei pamakore makumi emakore anotevera. Pamwe pachava nechinangwa chekushandura kune imwe nzvimbo inowedzera uye inowedzera yakashambadzira uye ine zvishoma nezvishoma kushandura mutengi pavanosangana.