Kutanga, tichaona pfungwa yekuzvidzivirira uye ipapo kuti munhu angashandisa sei ropafadzo yakakodzera sekuzvidzivirira pamhosva yekuzvidzivirira, uye pakupedzisira pane ropafadzo yakakodzera inobata vashandi.
Chii chinonzi Privilege?
Ropafadzo inokosha yepamutemo yepamutemo kana kuti hutachiona hunopiwa kuvanhu kana vanhu.
Ropafadzo yakakodzera inodzivirira pamhosva, kazhinji kupomerwa mhosva yekutsauka, nokuda kwezviito zvinogadziriswa mukushanda kwepamutemo kana mutsika uye zvinoita zvakanaka zvakashandiswa uye pasina rusununguko. Kana uipi hukwanisa kuratidzwa, ropafadzo yakakodzera haisi kudzivirirwa pakurwiswa kwetsika.
Chii chinonzi Defamation?
Kududzirwa ndechiito chekukuvadza mukurumbira weumwe kuburikidza nekuita chirevo chenhema kumumwe munhu. Icho chiito chokuremekedza chinogona kunge chiri chinyorwa chinonyorwa chakanyora kana chirevo chenhema chenhema, kuburikidza nemhosva yezvinyengeri uye makuhwa . Liberi ndiyo izwi repamutemo rekunyorwa kwezvinyorwa zvinyorwa; kuchera ndiro izwi rezvemutemo rekutaura komuromo.
Kuti chirevo chive chinopesana, chinofanira kunge chakanyengera uye chichiziviswa kune vamwe. MuUnited States, munhu anenge achiita kupomerwa kwekunyadzisa (muchengeti), munhu uyo anonzi akazvidzwa, ane mutoro weuchapupu.
Kudzivirirwa Kuzvidzivirira
Vadziviriri vanowanzove vakachengetedza zvakasiyana-siyana vachipomerwa mhosva yekuzvidzivirira .
Ichokwadi chinonzi ndiyo ndiyo yakanakisisa yekudzivirira kuparadza; kana iyo mashoko pamusoro peimwe inogona kuratidzirwa kuva yechokwadi, hapana kupomerwa. Murevereri anofanira kuratidzawo kuti kukuvadzwa kwave kuchiitwa mukurumbira weomubvunzi, kazhinji kuyerwa mumatongerwo emari. Murevereri haagoni kuratidzirwa kuti akabvumirana neshoko (nekupa hurukuro, somuenzaniso), uye kunofanira kunge kune uchapupu hwokuti chirevo chacho chakataurirwa kune vamwe.
Ropafadzo Yakakodzera seDefamation Defence
Ropafadzo, kana kuti kudzivirira, ndiyo yekudzivirirwa pakutsvaga kududzirwa. Ropafadzo yakakodzera inowanzoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo munhu achitaura mashoko acho ane "mutemo, tsika, kana zvekugarisana kwevanhu kuti vaite ...." Munhu anoita chirevo anofanira kuratidza kuti akaita chirevo ichi nokutenda kwakanaka, achifunga kuti ichokwadi uye kuti mazwi acho akaitwa pasina utsinye. Mumwe muenzaniso wekodzero yakakodzera ndiyo kusachengetedzwa kwemajeri emutsamba kubva kumitemo yekuzvidzivirira kwemashoko akataurwa muhurukuro mukutenda kwakanaka kunze kwekuti zvingaratidzwa kuti zvakagadzirwa nehuipi.
Mimwe mienzaniso kana ropafadzo yakakodzera inoshandiswa ndeyikuti:
- Zvinyorwa zvehurumende dzekutonga, zvikamu zvemitemo, uye hurumende
- Kururamiswa kwakanaka mukudzokorora
- Zvinyorwa zvakaitwa mukuzvizvidzivirira kana kuchenesa vamwe nezvekukuvara kana ngozi
Ropafadzo yakakodzera haifaniri kunge yakavhiringidzwa neropafadzo yakakwana , iyo inodzivirira munhu kubva pamhosva dzisina mhosva pasinei nekukanganisa kwaanoita uye kunyange kana chiito ichi chakaitwa nehuipi kana chinangwa chisina kunaka.
Ropafadzo Yakakodzera uye Vashandi
Muenzaniso wekodzero yakakosha ndiyo kusachengetedzwa kwekuzvidzivirira kwekutaura kwemashoko akaitwa munguva yevashandi vemabasa.
Muenzaniso wakajairika werudzi rwekodzero yakakodzera ndeyekushandiswa kwevashandi nevamwe sehutano hwemunhu wekare kana kuti wekare.
Mune gore ra2012 , 4th Circuit Court of Appeals yakatonga pamusoro pomupomera uyo akati chikomborero chakakosha hachina kushanda, muchikamu, nekuda kwezvakaipa zvinoshandiswa nevashandi.
Zvinonzwisisika: T iye ruzivo munyaya ino rwakafanirwa kuva rwemagariro ezvisikwa uye haruna kuitirwa mazano epamutemo. Ropafadzo yakakodzera mumabasa emamiriro ezvinhu inotarisirwa zvakasiyana mune imwe nyika. Vashandi vanofanira kutarisa nemutemo wepamutemo vasati vapa zvinyorwa kana ruzivo pamusoro pemushandi wekare kana wekare .