Nzira Yokutarisira Kutakura Mabhuku - Logistics uye Supply Chain

Shandisa mari yako yebhadharo, mushumo wekutakura uye zvigadzirwa zveFOB zvekutengesa

Nhanganyaya

Kana zvinhu zvitakurwa zvichienda kumusha kana kuti munyika yose kuburitsa kunofanirwa kuendeswa nemabhuku akakodzera. Kuwanda kwemagwaro kunopesana zvichienderana kana kutengeswa kuri mukati meU.S. kana kune imwe nyika.

Sezvo kune imwe nzvimbo yekufambisa kwezvinhu muU.S., pane zvinyorwa zvitatu zvinokosha zvikuru; iyo yebhadharo, yekutakura mari, uye Free Free On Board (FOB) mutengo wekutengesa.

Bill of Lading

Bhuku rekutakura ndiro ndiro rinonyanya kukosha rinoshandiswa pakutakura zvinhu . Tsanangudzo yepamutemo yebhadharo yekutakura isimba rekutakura zvinhu uye chidziro chezita kwavari.

Inopa chero ruzivo uye ruzivo rwese rwunotakura mutengesi ruchada kutakura zvinhu. Iine maitirwo emitambo uye mazwi emvumo yekutakura uye inotarisirwa nemutakuri asati anotora kutorwa.

Bhuku rekutakura rinofanirwa kusanganisira zita nekero reyo consignor uye consignee, uye kazhinji ichava nemirayiridzo yekuendesa kune anotakura. Ichava netsanangudzo yezvinhu zvinotakurwa, uwandu hwezvimwe zvezvinhu, uye yekodhi yepamusoro uye yekutengesa.

Bhiri rekutakura richava nemashoko echibvumirano chekufambisa kwezvinhu nemutakuri wevanhu vose. Ichi ndicho chibvumirano pakati pomutengesi nemutakuri kuti atakure zvigadzirwa pamutemo webhaji kusvika kune consignee, kureva mutengi.

Mutemo wekambani yematoro ine mazwi mapfumbamwe;

1. Mutoro Wakazara Mutoro - mutakuri anokweretwa nekurasikirwa uye kukanganisa kwezvinhu zvakatakurwa, kunze kwekuti kana zvinhu zvacho zvisingakoshi zvakatakurwa nemunhu anenge atumira kana zvimwe zvinhu zvaizove zvakakonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwakakwana sekunge kubuda kwehuwandu. Munhu anotakura haasi mhaka yezviito zvaMwari, muvengi wevose kana hurumende yehurumende.

1. Kuderera muTritain - mutakuri haakwanisi kubhadhara kana kurasikirwa kana kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekunonoka kwekutakura kwezvinhu.
2. Freight Isingagamuchirwi - kana zvigadzirwa zvisingagamuchirwi mukati mekugoverwa, mutakuri anogona kuchengetedza zvinhu izvo zvinodhura kune muridzi.
3. Zvimwe zvinoshamisa - mutakuri haasi iye ane mhosva uye haafaniri kutakura zvinhu zvisinganzwisisiki izvo zvisingatauri muzvinyorwa zvakabudiswa zvikwereti kana mutero kunze kwekunge chibvumirano chakanaka neicho chiri kutaurirana.
4. Explosives - mutakuri anofanira kupiwa zvakakwana kunyora kuzarura pavanotumira zvinhu zvinokuvadza, zvisinei ivo havakwanisi kune chero kurasikirwa.
5. Mhosva - mutakuri haagoni kuita mimwe mitero kumunhu anotumira mushure mokunge atora.
6. Inotora Bhuku reDare - kana bhiri rekutakura rinotsiva kana kuchinjana kune rimwe bhiri rekutakura saka bhiri rezvino rekutakura rinofanira kusanganisira zvikamu zvose kubva kumagwaro akapfuura.
7. Kuchinja - mutakuri anofanira kutora chero kuchinja kana kuwedzerwa kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti vanogona kumanikidzirwa.
8. Mhosva - iyi gwaro rinotsanangura tsanangudzo yekuti iwe ungaisa sei kudai kune uyo anotumira uye nguva iyo mushure mokutora iyo iyo kudai ichagamuchirwa.

Freight Bill

Mari yebhadharo ndiyo invoice yevatakuri kune uyo anotumira kune zvese zvinoshandiswa nemutakuri wacho.

Mutero wekutakura motokari unosanganisira zvinhu zvekutumira, zvinhu zvinotumirwa, consignee, mavambo, uye kuenda, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwezviremera uye zvikwereti zvachose.

Vamwe vatakuri vanogona kukumbira kubhadharwa kubva kune anotumira kana kukosha kwezvinhu zviri kutumirwa zvisingasviki zvinotarisirwa kutengesa mitoro . Kana zvikwereti zvisati zvabhadharwa ipapo mutakuri anogona kupa mutero wekutakura unotora. Izvi zvinoreva kuti anotakura achapa bhadha rekutakura pazuva rekuendeswa.

FOB Mitemo yekutengesa

Kusununguka paBhodi (FOB) mutemo wekutengesa zvinyorwa iyo imwe iyo ichava nemhosva yekutengesa mari , iyo iyo iyo iri kutungamirirwa nekufamba kwezvinhu, uye kana zita racho richienda kumutengesi.

Kana mazwi ekutengeserana eFOB anoratidza kuti iFOB Delivered zvino izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu anotumira achava nemhosva yezvose zvinotakura mutengesi.

Kana aya mazwi ekutengeserana akaratidza FOB Origin, zvino izvi zvinoreva kuti mutengi achatora zita rezvigadzirwa pavanotumirwa uye ivo vachaita zvose zvekutakura mari.

Yakarongwa naGary Marion, Logistics uye Supply Chain Expert.