5 Njodzi dzeMigodhi Muchivande
Moto, mafashamo, kuputsika, tsvina yakasvibiswa mukati memhepo, uye guruva kana kuputika kwegasi ndiyo ngozi dzinonyanya kukosha dzinobatanidza nemigodhi yepasi.
Njodzi dzinopesana dzakashata dzinofanira kuwedzerwa kune iyo rwandu. Kunyange zvazvo zvisingazivikanwi kumabasa ekudzika pasi, migumisiro yavo inogona kuwedzera kuburikidza nemamiriro ezvinhu akavharidzirwa uye kushandiswa kwemabasa.
Dambudziko Rakananga Mumagodhi Epasi Pasi
Njodzi dzinogara dzichibatanidza dambudziko uye zvinokonzera. Kuita kuti nyaya yacho iwedzere kunzwisiswa ndiyo chete chikonzero chekupa mazita ehuwandu hwehupenyu hunotevera. Kuputsika uye mafashamo ekugadzirisa pasi pasi kunogona kuva mugumisiro weguruva kana gasi kuputika. Saizvozvowo, moto unogona kukonzera guruva kuputika uye / kana kuti kusunungura utachiona hwehutu.
1. Moto
Muhurukuro "Kudzivirira nekudzivirira moto uye kuputika mumigodhi" yakabudiswa neWorld and Safety Executive (HSE), zvinotevera zvinowanikwa mumoto mune zvimbambaira pasi zvakanyorwa:
- "Furection kubva:
- - Matambudziko asina kukodzera - zvinyorwa zvinotakura, madhiramu, magumbo / axles;
- Mabhanhire eConveyor achibvarura pane chimwe chinhu chakagadziriswa, chakadai senzira yemugwagwa kana musungo wekupedzisira, kana kushandiswa pakupararira;
- Akatora mabheki pamotokari;Achiri kuverenga pakuparidzirwa kwemheni
Onawo chikamu chekukanganiswa kwehutano huri pasi apa.
- Injini dzinopisa motokari - kupera kwemitambo, nzvimbo dzomumhepo, nzvimbo dzinopisa;
- Kunopisa kwemazimbe emarasha mumarara kana kwemazimbe akaputika mumugwagwa munharaunda dzakawanda dzengozi;
- Zvinopisa zvinokonzera kutema michina yemagetsi;
- Magetsi uye magetsi magetsi nemichina;
- Kutsigira magetsi uye nzvimbo inotonhorera kubva kumagetsi emagetsi uye kugoverana;
- Muchidimbu mativi uye pasi zvikanganiso pamusoro pemagetsi emagetsi uye kuparadzanisa zvirongwa;
- Zvisikwa zvakasikwa, somuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwemagetsi uye magetsi
- Explosives uye detonators
- Kugadzikana kwemhepo kana kupera;
- The thermite reaction between light alloys and iron / steel (...)
- Basa rinopisa - kupisa, kuwedzera, nekugaya;
- Zvinhu zvinosvuta vanhu, kusanganisira fodya, lighters uye mitezo. "
2. Mafashamo
Mushure mokunge vashandura muGleision Colliery musi waSeptember 15, 2011, muNational Wales, iyo yakauraya vashandi vana, Health and Safety Executive (HSE) yakabudisa nhau yeHID 4-2011 yekuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro peMitemo 1979 (Precautions Against Inrushes). Uyu mutemo wakatangwa muna 1973 mushure mokunge njodzi yeLofthouse, Yorkshire, uko vanomwe vemigodhi vakaurawa.
3. Collapse
Kuputsika kwangu kunogona kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvinotevera:
Inoshandiswa Seismicity
Mines iri munzvimbo dzakasvibirira, dzakadai sedzimwe nzvimbo yeAndean (inozivikanwawo kuti ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakaoma zvikuru dzemigodhi yemigodhi munyika), inonyanya pangozi. Zvine ngozi mumigodhi yepasi pemigodhi, kusvibiswa kwemigodhi kunokonzeresawo kunokonzera kutsika kusagadzikana mumigodhi yepasi.
Kushandisa Maflosives
Kushandiswa kwezvimbuputi zvinogona kukonzera zviitiko zvese zvepasi-pasi zvinokanganisa kushanda kwangu, uye misungo yevashandi, sezvakaitika kune vaminetsi makumi matatu nemakumi maviri nematanhatu vakavharirwa pasi pasi kubva munaAugust kusvika munaOctober 2010 mumigodhi yeChile pedyo neguta reCopiapo, kana kuti kuuraya, kuwedzera mhepo uye zvinokanganisa zvivako pasi.
Kusviba kana Kuderedza Kuwedzera
Ndapota shandisai Njodzi dzeMigodhi Dzose
Kutora Timbering / Pillar Usakundikana
Tsanangudzo yeWebster inopa tsanangudzo iyi:
"Kushanda kwekuisa matanda anobatsira pakushanda kwangu kana shafts kutsigira denga kana kuti chiso chemugwagwa panguva yekuchera nekugadzira. Izwi rokuti "rubatsiro" raifunga nezvekugadzirisa matanda, simbi, konkrete, kana kuti masonry anobatsira ".
Iwe unogona kuwana pfungwa pamusoro pemararamiro ezvigadzirwa zvematanda emigodhi nekuongorora vhidhiyo iyi. Basa rembiru kana matanda zvakajeka zvikuru mumabasa epasi pevhu.
Kusagadzikana kwematombo kunokonzerwa nekudzvinyirira kana zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvinokonzera zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvinotyisa zvinokonzera kushungurudza mbiru .
4. Inotyisa Zvinosvibisa
Tichifunga nezvemhepo iri pasi pevhu isina kukwana uye yakavharidzirwa, zvinosvibisa zvinogona kusanganisira guruva, mazai, mafisi edieleri uye zviputi uye mafungu ekutsvaira, pamwe chete nemafuta akabudiswa kubva padombo rakagadzirwa. Kuputika chinhu chinokosha kubvisa kana kuderedza kune chinokuvadza chiyero chezvinosvibisa.
5. Kuparadza Kunobatanidza Nengozi: Dambudziko Rowanowanzoenda Kumusoro Uye Vanodzika Pasi Pasi
Sezvinorondedzerwa neNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): "Mumumigodhi pasi pevhu, kuurayiwa kwevakawanda kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nevashambadziri vari pedyo zvikuru nekuputika (kubhururuka-matombo), kuteverwa nekuputika kwemhepo inotyisa, kusvibisa, uye kukurumidza kunono ".
Kutsigira kwangu kwakanyengedzwa kunofanira kuwedzerwa kune iyo rondedzero.
Fly-Rocks
Vashandi vakaroverwa nematombo, zvichida nokuti vari pedyo zvikuru nekuputika kana kuti dombo rinokandwa zvakanyanya kudarika zvakatarisirwa, rinoramba richimwe chezvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi dziri pasi kana pasi pemigodhi.
Explosives Fumes
"Kuputika mumigodhi yepasi uye mabasa ekuvaka hakuna kumbova nehanya nehuputi hwemhepo semamwe avo vari mumigodhi yepasi pevhu, vachifunga kuti tsvina yaizopararira mumhepo. Simba blasters, zvisinei, inofanira kunge ichiziva kuti mafukisi ane tsvina anogona kukonzera njodzi mumabasa avo " (Mhuka: Njodzi dzeMiti Inotyisa kubva kuBlasting , Mainiero & al.)
Izvo zvinoshandiswa mumiti inoshandiswa munzvimbo uye pasi pevhu zvinopisa zvinokonzera kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwemhepo inotyisa:
Kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwemafuta akadaro kunowanzoonekwa munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa pasi pevhu. Imwe nzira yakagadzirwa zvakanaka, yakagadzirirwa uye yakachengetedzwa inokosha yekudzivirira kana kuderedza dambudziko iri.
Misfires
"Misfire inoreva kusakundikana kwakakwana kana kusarura kwebhadharo yekuputira sezvakarongwa." (Tsanangudzo yeChipupuriro neChina chepasi peMitambo uye zvisingatauriki Minesheni, Dhipatimendi reVashandi, Mine Zvokuchengetedza uye Utano Hwakanaka (MSHA), 30 CFR Parts 56 uye 57, Sec. 56.2, Bhuku 69, Nhamba 124, mapeji 38837-38843
Premature Blast
"Kuvharwa kwekuputika kwepamberi kunotenderwa. Kuputika kwemvura kusati kwavapo kunogona kuitika nekuda kwekusagadzikana, kukanganisa kunokonzera, fuse zvisina kunaka, kana kuputika kwemafuro." Mhedziso: Duramazwi reMining, Mineral uye Related Terms
Zvinhu zvinoputika kana pyrotechnical zvinosara pasi kana mumatanda emucheka zvinogona kukonzerwa nemhando ipi zvayo yemagetsi munguva yekuchera, kugadzira kana kupwanya zvikamu zvekutsvaga kwemigodhi, zvichikonzera kukuvadzwa kana kuurayiwa kune zviputi kana vashandi.
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
- Nitric oxide (NO)
- Carbon monoxide (CO)