Ramba Uchiteerera. Chengetedza Vashandi Vako
OSHA's Top 10 Kuzvidzivirira Kwekuchengetedzwa
Gore negore, kukwirira kwepamusoro kwekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwakawanikwa nevanosangana neHSHA kwakafanana, asi urongwa hunogona kuchinja. Ichi chinyorwa chinopa muongorori wemutemo weAHAHA. Hazvina kukwana kuti uzive nerwendo urwu, avo vari kuvaka uye mamwe makambani anotengesa anofanirwa kuziva nekuteerera nemitemo chaiye. Iva nehutano uye maererano nekuteerera, kudzivisa kuputsa uku, usaisa pangozi kuchengeteka kwevashandi vako.
01 - Fall Protection Systems
1926.501 Fall Protection
Uyu mutemo unotsanangura maitiro emadziviriro ekudzivirira anowirirwa uye ndeapi maitiro akakodzera kune mamiriro akapiwa. Kuva nehuwandu kunokosha zvakanyanya apa, sezvakaitwa mumatambudziko akawanda vataridzi havagone kutyora kuburikidza neku "kutya ne".
Pakati pemhando dzakawanda dzebasa rokuvaka, OSHA inoda kudzivirirwa nekushanda kana kushanda panzvimbo dzakakwirira mamita matanhatu kana kupfuura. Mhando yekudzivirira kunowirirwa inobvumirwa pasi peHIV zvinoshandiswa kubva pane zvakagadzirirwa uye basa riri kuitwa, semuenzaniso, kutengesa, maitiro ekugumburwa kwemunhu oga, migwagwa yekuyambira, nezvimwewo. Kuwanda kwezvokuputsa kunosanganisira basa rekumatenga (kusanganisira pasi pepa roof roofs) asi hazvigoneki kune iyo - elevator shafts inogona kuita kuti uwane dambudziko.
02 - HazCom
1910.1200 HazCom
Iyi mitemo inoda kuti iwe ushandise purogiramu yekuudza vashandi vematambudziko emakemikari avo vanoratidzwa kune basa. Mutemo une zvidimbu zvitsva - zvimwe zvezvimwe zvepamusoro zvakare zvimwe zvekuti OSHA inowona kukanganisa kakawanda.
Vashandi vanofanira kunge vane rekodhi yakanyorwa yekambani yekambani yakaita kuti iite maererano nemitemo. Iko kunosanganisira rondedzero yemakemikari ose aunoshandisa - mune mamwe mazwi, chigadzirwa chemakemikari.
Izvo zvose zvigadziro zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari akaipisisa akavharwa pasi pezvinodiwa zvekunyorwa neruzivo pamusoro pemakemikari ekuzivikanwa uye njodzi.
Iwe unoda kurovedza vashandi vose vasati vatanga kutarisana, uye zvakakosha zvakaenzana, chengetedzai apo mitsva kana mishonga yakasiyana inoiswa, kana apo pane kuchinja munzira iyo makemikari anoshandiswa.
03 - Scaffolding in Construction
1926.451 Scaffolding
Kubata mumapuratifomu zvinogona kunge zvakangofa semakomba mune imwe nzvimbo yekufamba / kubasa, saka kwakagadzirwa kwepurazi yakakosha. Nezvimwe zvishoma, chikamu chimwe nechimwe, pane zvikamu zvose zvinoshanda, inofanira kunge yakanyatsorongedzwa kana kuputirwa pakati pepamberi kumativi epamusoro uye inorindira varindi.
Panofanira kuva nenzvimbo yakakwana yekuwanika kwezvikwata zve scaffold, zvakadai sedare rinotakura, hokwe-pamatanho, kutarisana zvakananga kubva kune imwe ganda, nezvimwewo. OSHA inopa mikana yakawanda yekuwana.
Vashandi vanofanira kuchengetedzwa pamamita gumi - asi rudzi rwekudzivirira runosiyana nerudzi rweganda. Mune zvimwe zviitiko kurongwa kwevanhu pachavo kusungwa kuchadiwa, somuenzaniso, ladder jack scaffolds; mune vamwe, chirongwa chekuchengetedza uye kusangana kwevanhu pachavo kugadziriswa kwehurongwa kuchadiwa. Grablines inogona kudiwa zvakare.
Chinokosha chekugara maererano nekutsvaga kweAHAHA kwekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa ndekuve ne "munhu ane unyanzvi" ane mutoro wekuteerera uye kutarisa.
04 - Kudzivirira kuporesa
1910.134 Kudzivirira kuporesa
Mafuta, chepfu, gasi uye mapapiro, idambudziko mumhizha yekuvaka. Mushure mekudzivirira kuporesa ndekuve nekuongorora kwakanaka kwezvitsva. Izvi zvinowanzobva pakutsvaga kwehutsanana hwehuwandu hwehuwandu, hunokubatsira kuona chiyero chekutsvaira uye izvo zvakakodzera kudzivirirwa kwekufema kunoda.
Dambudziko rinowanzobatanidza kusanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinyorwa kana guruva masks (N95 zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa). Zvinoshandiswa nevashandirwi vazhinji ndezvokuti guruva rinosungirirwa seN95s rinoonekwa serinofuridzirwa-uye, kana rakashandiswa kushandiswa, ipapo zvakakwana zvakanyorwa zvinoputira chirongwa zvinodiwa.
Chimwe chiitiko chinowanzoenderana nehutambudziro hachisi kuva nevashandi vanoongorora mishonga kuti vaone kana ivo vari mumuviri vakakwanisa kupfeka zvishandiso.
Kushayikwa kwekuenzanisa kwakakosha ndeimwe inowanzovharidzirwa nekudzivirira kudzivirirwa. Kuenzanisa kuenzanisa inzira uye maitiro ezvidzidzo zvaunoita kuti munhu mumwe nomumwe ave nemapfuridziro ehupamhi, yakanaka, uye inokodzera.
05 - Lockout / Tagout Standard (LOTO)
1910.147 Kuvhara / Tagout
Vashandi vanoshumira kana kuchengetedza mishonga kana zvigadzirwa zvinogona kukuvara zvakanyanya kana kuurayiwa kana simba rakaipa risina kutongerwa zvakanaka. Mutemo wekuvhara / wekutakura unoda kuti uite purogiramu uye maitiro ekudzivirira kusunungurwa kusingatarisirwi kwesimba panguva yekushandira nekuchengetedza mabasa (semuenzaniso, mishoni inotanga kusingatarisirwi ichiri kushandiswa). Izvi zvinoshanda kumagetsi, magetsi, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemikemikari, inopisa, kana zvimwe zvemasimba emagetsi nemichina.
06 - Power Industrial Trucks (PIT)
1910.178 -Inotengesa Indaneti Makori
Powered Industrial Truck (PIT) inopomerwa chimwe chinhu chinowanzotaurwa, chikamu nokuti kune marudzi mazhinji emamotokari ekusimudzira kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemabhizimisi. Powered Industrial Trucks dzinosanganisira zvikwereti, zvikwata zvemajeri, zvikwata zvinokwidziridzwa zvakasimudza, zvinotakura vatori, nezvimwewo.
Iyo huru yekuteerera inyaya iyo apo vashandi vanokundikana kudzidzisa vanoshanda pamhando dzose dzemhando dzePIT dzinoshandisa. Kudzidziswa kunoda kuva midziyo-yakananga. Iwe haufaniri kunge uchidzidzira mumwe mutengesi pajack rimwe nerimwe rakagadzirwa nevashambadzi vakasiyana, asi OSHA inorambidza kubvumira mutengesi anongova nechikwereti chechikwereti kuti ashandise ganda rakagadziriswa pasina gadziriro yekuwedzera - kudzidziswa kunofanira kunge kune "rudzi" rumwe rwe midziyo.
07 - Nhandare Mukuvaka Basa
1926.1053 Ladders
OSHA inoda kuti kana mashizha anotaridzika anoshandiswa kuti asvike kune imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro inosvika panzvimbo, kumusoro kwemakironi emakumbo kunofanirwa kupfuudza anenge mamita matatu kumusoro kwepamusoro-soro kunosvika kwaanoshandiswa nemanho kuwana kuwana; kana, kana kuwedzerwa kwakadaro kusingakwanisi nekuda kwehurefu hwemakera, ipapo inhambwe inofanira kuchengetedzwa pamusoro wayo kusvika kune rubatsiro rwakasimba rusingasaruri, uye chigamba chokubatanidza, chakadai sedrail, inofanira kupiwa kubatsira vashandi mu kuisa uye kuputsa makera.
Chimwe chikanganiso chinowanzoitika apo vashandi vanoshandisa makedhi pane chimwe chinhu chavasina kugadzirirwa, sekushandisa shanduro sechifambiso chekufamba kana chikwata chosimudza; OSHA inorambidza izvi. OSHA inodawo kuti mahedheni ave akanaka. Matanho anononoka ane zvikanganiso zvakagadzikana, zvakadai semakumbo akaputsika kana asina kushaiwa, kucheneswa, kana matanho; rairi yakaputsika kana kupatsanurwa; corroded components; kana chimwe chikamu chakaipa kana chakakanganisika, chinofanira kunge chakanyatsoratidzwa nenzira inonyatsoratidza kuti haina kukwana, kana kuiswa ne "Usashandise" kana kuti mutauro wakafanana, uye unofanira kubviswa kubva kushanda kusvikira wagadzirirwa.
08 - General Machine Guarding
1910.212 Machine Guarding
Ichi ndicho chirevo chekuchengetedza zvakakwana. Iyo haitauri nemichina yakasununguka, asi inoda kuti vashandi vadzivirirwe pane zvikamu zvinokuvadza neimwe nzira uyewo kuti pfungwa yekushanda ichengetedzwe. Mhando yezvigadzirwa zvinogona kusanganisira (asi hazvirevi kune) kutakura, injini yekuumba mishonga, metal cutting device, hydraulic presses, uye mabhazi.
Izvo zvinodiwa zvinoreva zvakare kuti mishonga inobatanidzwa kuti irege kufamba. Izvi zvinoshanda kumichina yakagadzirirwa kuva panzvimbo yakatarwa uyewo kumichina inogona kufamba panguva yekushanda, semuenzaniso mabhuku akawanda ekudisa.
09 - Electrical Wiring, Components, Equipment
1910.305 Magetsi, Wiring Method
OSHA yemagetsi anogadzirirwa kuchengetedza vashandi vakaiswa pachena kune njodzi dzakadai sekushisa kwegetsi, arc flash, electrocution, moto, uye kuputika. Zvimwe zvinokanganisa magetsi zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemidziyo pamwe nekushandiswa kwekugadzirisa kwekanguva. Semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwekanguva kwenguva refu (kureva, tambo dzekuwedzera) munzvimbo yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa kwekugadzikana ndeye kuputsa pasi pasi pemamiriro akawanda. Kunyange kana yakabvumirwa, kutyora kushandisa tambo dzakagadziriswa kana tambo kuburikidza nemakomba emadziro kana mapako. Uyezve, kusava nekunetseka pamaketani nemakumbo ndeimwewo kuputsa kwemazuva ose - OSHA inoda kubatsirwa uku kudzivisa (kana kuti kudzvinyirira) kubva pakuparadzirwa zvakananga kumasangano kana zvigaro zvekupedzisira.
10 - Electrical Systems Design
1910.303 Electrical Systems Design
OSHA inoda vashandi kuisa nekuchengetedza midziyo sezvazvakagamuchirwa kubva kumugadziri, uye maererano nemirairidziro emhizha. Kuvhara simba kunopinda muwedzere tambo, pane kupinda mumadziro, zvinowanzopesana nemirairo yekuisa uye inopesana neHIV. Izvo zvakare kukanganisa apo vashandi vanoshandisa midziyo munzvimbo yebasa iyo yakangodaro yakanyorwa uye inoratidzwa kushandiswa kwemusha.