Chii chiri Kusiyana pakati peStockholder uye Stockholder?
Vashandi uye vanochengetedza zvikwereti ndezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana.
Vose vari vaviri vanotsanangura mumwe munhu ane zvikamu zvezvitoro mune bhizinesi. Saka, kuchengetedza zvikamu uye kuchengetedza mashizha zvinoreva zvakafanana. Nokuda kwezvinangwa zvechinyorwa chino, tichashandisa izwi rokuti "shareholders."
Vashandi ndivo vanhu, makambani, kana matariro, avo vane zvikamu zve-for-profit corporation. Vanhu vane imwe nhamba chaiyo yezvikamu, iyo iyo imwe neimwe yaitenga pamutengo.
Vashandi vakaisa mari yavo kutenga zvigaro izvi uye vanowana nenzira mbiri:
- Kuburikidza nezvikwereti zvakabhadharwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemigove inowanikwa nemugoveri, uye nekuda kwehupfumi hwekampani, uye
- Nokutengesa zvikamu zvavo pane purofiti.
Vashandi veMasangano Makambani Nevamwe Vanodzivirira Makambani
Makambani akawanda maduku akabatanidzwa zvakasimba . Izvi zvinoreva kuti vane vashandi vashomanana, vazhinji vavo vanozivana uye munguva dzakawanda ava vanogovera vanobva kumhuri imwechete kana vane mamwe mabhizinesi kana hukama hwehukama.
Mune kambani inoburitswa pachena, kune mamiriyoni evanhu vanogovera. uye mamiriyoni ezvikamu zvakabatwa. Vagari vagovhesi havana chavanopindirana nekambani, kunze kwekuvhota zvikamu zvavo pane zvinokonzerwa pamusangano wegore negore.
Imwe misiyano pakati pehurumende uye yepamusoro inobata kana makambani ari oga ndiyo mutemo.
Sangano rehurumende rinotungamirirwa ne Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), asi hapana mimwe mitemo yekunze yezvikamu zviri musangano rakachengetwa.
Chii Chinoitika Kana Zvikamu Zvichienda Pasi
Kuva mugoveri zvinoreva kutora rwendo sezvo sangano rekambani richikwira nekudzika. Munhu ane chikwereti muine chikwereti chakachengetwa nevanhu vanogona kutengesa zvimwe kana zvikamu zvose, chero chero mutengo wemusika uri panguva iyoyo. Kana zvikamu zviri pachena, zviri nyore kuziva mutengo wemugove. Asi, mune kambani yakanyatsobatanidzwa, hapana misika yakagadzirirwa yezvikamu, saka zvinenge zvisingabviri kutsanangura mutengo kana kutengesa zvikamu kune mumwe munhu.
Vashandi pamwe neMusangano wegore negore
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza zvikuru pamusoro pekugova chikwereti chekambani ndechekuti une kodzero yekupinda musangano wegore negore. Kunyange kana iwe uine mugove umwe chete mukambani, unogona kuenda kumusangano uyu. Zvichida musangano wegore negore unonyatsozivikanwa unobatwa naBerkshire Hathaway, uyo ane sachigaro, Warren Buffett, ane musangano unofadza uye unofadza gore rose.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzevanosimba
Makambani makuru ane marudzi akasiyana evanhu vane zvikwata uye marudzi ezvitoro zvavari. Kazhinji, kambani inotanga nehomwe yemaoko.
Vashandi vanochengetedza nhengo dzakasarudzwa vane kodzero dzekuvhota (voti imwe chete pamubhadharo), vanowana zvikwereti apo sangano rinovabhadhara, uye vanogona kutengesa zvikamu zvavo kuti vawane purogiramu (kana kurasikirwa). Vagari vemabhizimisi vemagetsi vari kutora dambudziko guru nokuti vanogona kurasikirwa nemari yavo.
Mamwe makambani akavewo anosarudza zvikwata uye vagovana. Zvikamu zvinokwaniswa kubhadharwa kune avo vanoti vatengesi vasati vabhadharwa kune vashandi vese, asi ava vanogovera havana kodzero yekuvhota. Nhengo dzakasarudzwa dzakadai sedhibridhi, dzine unhu hwemaoko maviri uye zvisungo.
Ndevapi vashandi vari muChirongwa?
A shareholder anoronga kufarira kune imwe kambani kana mugove ane chikamu chevhoti dzekuvhota dzezvikwata muyoyo sangano. Kuva nekutarisa kufarira kunoreva kuti muridzi wezvikamu zvinodzora anogona kudzora chero chisarudzo chakaitwa nevatori vemabhiza uye anodarika mamwe maonero evatori vemavhoti kana mavhoti.
Zvichienderana nemitemo yekambani, zvikamu zviviri zvezvitatu zvinogona kudiwa kuti zvipfuure chero shanho. Muchiitiko ichi, kudzora kufarira kwaizova 34 muzana yemavhoti (kudzivirira hutatu hwevatatu ivo voga kana boka).
Mhando dzakasiyana dzevateresi muChishi
Mukuwedzera kune vashandi, kune vamwe vane dambudziko mukubudirira kwekambani. Iyi imwe mhando yemubatanidzwa inosanganisira vashandi, avo vanobatwa nekambani mari.
Izvozvi marudzi maviri evatengesi ndeaya:
- Equity (umiridzi) wevatengesi, avo vane zvikamu mukambani, uye
- Vanokweretesa chikwereti, vanotenga zvikwereti zvekambani, iyo inobhadhara kudzorera kwakasarudzwa pamari yavo.
Vashandi pamwe neDhafa Mitero
Kwemakore kwakange kune hurukuro pamusoro pekuonekwa kwakasaruramisira kwezvinonzi "kaviri kubhadhara " kune vashandi vemabhizimisi. Nenguva pfupi, mutero wakapetwa kaviri, sezvakagadzwa ne IRS, inotanga mutero pamubhadharo wekambani, zvino mutero kune iyo mibairo yakaparidzirwa kune vagoveri sezvikamu .
Kana iyo sangano inosarudza kusabhadhara chikamu, uye panzvimbo pacho inodzosera purogiramu yehurumende mukukura (iyi inonzi inotsigirwa kuwanikwa ), hapana zvikwereti zvinowanikwa, uye hapana mutero pane zvikamu izvozvo.
Vashandi vari mumatare maduku, akachengetedzwa zvakanyanya haagamuchiri zvikamu. Vakawanda vevanhu ava vanoshanda mukambani sevashandi, uye vanobhadhara mitero pamabasa avo.
Vashandi vemuChristian Bankruptcy
Kodzero dzevashandi vanochengetedzwa (dzakapiwa pasi) kodzero dzevashandi kuitira kuti vagoveri varasikirwa nehuwandu hwezvikamu zvavo kana sangano rinoparara. Vashandi vanogonawo kurasika zvimwe kana kuti zvose zvakakosha zvezvikamu zvavo kana mutengo wematengo wakaderera pavanotengesa kupfuura mutengo pavakatenga.