Chii Chinonzi Horizontal uye Vertical Mergers?

Mafomu Akasiyana-siyana Emabhizimisi Akabatana Ane Zvinetso Zvakasiyana

Kubatana kunoitika apo imwe bhizinesi rebhizimusi inotenga kana kuwana imwe bhizinesi rekambani - iyo yakagadzirirwa yakasimba - uye iyo yakabatana yakasimba inochengetedza huzivi hwekuwana zvakasimba. Makambani ebhizimisi anosangana nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, zvose zvemari uye kwete mari. Kubatana kwakakosha uye kwepamusoro kune mhando mbiri dzemarudzi akawanda emubatanidzwa anowanzotaridzwa seasina mari.

Sezvo kubatana kwakakurumbira kune zvikonzero zvakawanda, zvakakosha kune vashandi vebhizimisi kuti vanzwisise zvakavanzwa.

Mergers yakananga

Kubatana kwehukuru kune rudzi rwekusagadzikana kwezvemari. Mune mamwe mazwi, kubatana kwakakosha kunoitwa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvisinganyanyi kuita nemari, zvichida zvakananga. Zvichitaura zvishoma, kubatanidzwa kwakakosha kazhinji kunowanikwa kuwanikwa kwemukwikwidzi ari mune rimwechete rebhizimisi sekutenga bhizinesi. Nokuwana mupikisano, kambani yekuwana iri kuderedza kukwikwidza mumusika.

Chimwe chimiro chakanakisisa chekubatanidza kwepakati pemakore makumi matatu adarika chiri mubhizimusi rebhangi. Muna 1980, The Depository Institutions Deregulation uye Mutemo Wekuita Mutemo we1980 yakapiwa neCongress. Uyu mutemo wakabvumira kushandiswa kwebhangi uye mabhizimisi ekutengeserana kugovera mamwe mabasa mamwechete. Yakabvumirawo bhangi kuti rifambe mumigwagwa yehurumende pamwe nekuwedzera masimba emakambani ane mabhangi.

Uku kuregererwa kwechiito chakaita kuti mabhizinesi uye mabhizimisi ezvokutengeserana aite humwe hutano hwakakosha kupfuura hwakambobvumirwa kuita munguva yakapfuura.

Chigumisiro chacho chakanga chiri kupesana mubhizinesi rebhangi uye mabhanga maduku. Mabhengi ekubhadhara mari aigona kupa zvivako izvo mabhengi ezvokutengeserana chete aibvumirwa kupa pamberi pe 1980 uye zvakasiyana. Zviduku, mabhenji ekumusha maitirwe nemabhanki makuru emunharaunda. Iyo iyo tsanangudzo yekubatana kwepakati yakaitika zvakaitika pamwero mukuru - vikwikwidhi vakura vakawana vaduku vakakwikwidza uye mugumisiro waiva mabhanga maduku muUnited States

Apo Kubvuma Kukuru kwegore ra2008 kwakaitika, takaona zvimwe zvezvikamu zvekuregererwa kwekuita kwe 1980. Mabhengi mazhinji akakundikana. Mabhizimisi makuru ekutsvaga mabhanga akanga ashatisa simba rainge rapiwa kwavari nekuregererwa kwechiito. Kwaiva nekokuda kwekugadzirisa zvakare mutemo mubhizinesi rebhangi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero kuti hurumende inopesana nevatongi vakuru vanotarisa zvakabatana zvakabatana zvakanyatsonaka. Zvinogona kutungamirira kumagetsi akawanda emakambani ekuwana mafemu.

Vertical Mergers

Kubatana kwepachivi kana kuwirirana kwepamusoro kunoitika apo kuwana zvakasimba kunotenga vatengi kana vatengesi vezvigadziro uye mabasa kune kambani. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuwirirana kwepakati kazhinji kunowanikwa pakati pegadziri uye mutengesi. Iko kuwirirana pakati pemakambani maviri anounza mhando dzakasiyana kana mabasa pamwe chete nekutengeserana kunotengeswa kweimwe michero yekupedzisira. Kubatana kwakafanana kunowanzoitika kuitira kuti kuwedzere kushanda zvakanaka pamwe chete nekutengeserana izvo, zvakare, kunowedzera purofiti yekambani yekuwana.

Kungofanana nekubatana kwekunze, kuwirirana kwakafanana kunogona kukonzera kupikisa-kutambudza matambudziko mumusika nekuderedza kukwikwidza. Muenzaniso ungadai wakave kana kambani yekugadzira motokari yaifanira kutenga mamwe mabhizinesi aripo pamwe chete nehutakiti hwazvo.

Zvinotora mhando dzakasiyana dzemabhizimisi kutsigira motokari yekugadzira. Kana kambani yemotenga yakatenga kambani yekugadzira mabhandi, makambani akagadzira zvikamu zvakasiyana zvejini nekugadzirisa, uyewo zvitubu zvezvinhu zvayo zvitsva, kutakura, teknolojia, uye kutengesa, fungidzira simba rekutengeserana raigona kuendesa motokari iyoyo manufacturing company. Inogona kunyatsogadzirisa mutengo wemotokari dzayo pasina kuongorora chero zvimwe zvikonzero. Icho ndicho mhando yemagetsi yemakambani yemitemo inopesana nemitemo inotarisirwa kudzora.