Uri Kufuratira Kunzwira Ngoni Kana Kuti Wadzora Here?
Kunyange zvazvo pane zvakawanda zvokuonga pamusoro pevanhu pavanopa zvikonzero zvakanaka, zvakadai sokuti kuzvipira kungangove kwakachena, uye kuti mupiro wemupiro wepfungwa yedu unotanga apo patinopa, izvo zvatinotarisira sevashandi vehurumende haisi nguva dzose zvatinowana.
Neuroscience, muzvokwadi, yawana kuti kune rumwe rutivi rwemafu kune ushamwari hwedu.
Dzimwe nguva hatisi kupa zvinokonzera zvinokonzera, kana kuti hatisi kupa zvakawanda zvatingagona.
Dambudziko racho rinoratidzika kuva rakaoma zvikuru kana tichikumbira kupa vanhu vakawanda vari kure, kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Kana kana imwe njodzi isinganyanyi kukwana kana inoshamisa.
Vanhu vanowanzotora matanho mukutarisana nehupenyu hwemhirizhonga kune rumwe rutivi rwepasi, kana kubatsira kuderedza urombo hunopera hunotambudza chikamu chakanaka chevanhu venyika. Isu tinogona kukanganwa mafambiro aya anononoka munyika iri kusimukira asi tichiteerera nechido apo kudengenyeka kwepasi pedo kunouraya mazana ezviuru zvevanhu.
Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza mamwe maitiro anoshamisa uye mapofu maitiro muhupenyu hwedu hwekuzvikudza.
Peter Singer, ethicsist uye munyori weThe Life You Can Save , akatsanangura maverengi acho mubhuku rake pamusoro pehurombo hwepasi rese.
Hewa nzira nhanhatu Singer inoti tinokunda mafungiro edu.
1. Vanokuvadzwa Vanozivikanwa
Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti tinoswededzwa zvakanyanya nematambudziko emuviri mumwe chete, anozivikanwa kupfuura wevanhu vanoverengeka, kana chirevo chekuda.
Mune kumwe kuedza, vatori vechikamu vakapiwa mukana wokupa imwe yemari yavakabhadharwa nekuda kwavo kubatanidzwa mukutsvakurudza kune rubatsiro runobatsira vana vose muU.S. uye pasi pose.
Rimwe boka rakagamuchira ruzivo rwezvemusoro pamusoro pekudiwa, kusanganisira mazwi akadai sekuti "Kudya kwekudya muMalawi kuri kukanganisa vana vanopfuura mamiriyoni matatu."
Rimwe boka rakaratidzwa mufananidzo wemusikana wechidiki weMalawi ainzi Rokia uye akaudza kuti akanga ari murombo uye kuti chipo chavo chinogona kuchinja hupenyu hwake kuti huve nani.
Boka rinogamuchira ruzivo pamusoro paRokia rwakapa zvakanyanya kudarika boka rinowana huwandu hwehuwandu hwemashoko.
Apo boka rechitatu rakawana ruzivo rwevanhu vose, mufananidzo, uye ruzivo pamusoro paRokia, vakapa zvakawanda kupfuura boka rose rekuziva, asi kwete zvakanyanya seRokia chete boka.
Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kunyange kuwedzera mwana mumwechete kune chikwereti kunoderedza chikamu chemupiro.
Icho chinotarisa kuti tichapedza zvakawanda zvakanyanya kuti tidzivirire munhu anotaridzika kupfuura watinozobhadhara kuchengetedza hupenyu hwe "huwandu". Tinonzwa tsitsi patinonzwa nyaya yemumwe munhu .
2. Parochialism
Vanhu vakashanduka kuti vatarisire avo vari pedo navo, saka hazvishamisi kuti hatifambidzwi nematambudziko ari kure kupfuura neaya anosanganisira vanhu vatinonzwa tiri pedyo.
Peter Singer anotaura kuti kunyange zvazvo veAmerica vakapa $ 1.54 mabhiriyoni kuti vabatsire vakaurayiwa veSoutheast Asia tsunami muna 2004, mari iyo yakanga iri pasi pechikamu che $ 6.5 mabhiriyoni takaapa gore rakatevera kubatsira vanhu vakagadzirirwa neEnguruvhiri Katrina.
Izvo zviri pasinei nekuwanda kwevanhu 220 000 kufa kwe tsunami kuenzaniswa nevakafa 1600 kubva mhirizhonga.
Parochialism yakanga iri nyore kunzwisisa pamberi pekukurukurirana kwemazuva ano. Zvakaoma kumedza muzera remifananidzo yakabva kune dzimwe nyika. Kutsungirira kwaro, pasinei nokuti kune nyika mumakamuri edu okurarama, inotaura nesimba rehutano hwevanhu.
3. Kushata
Isu tose takakurumidza kugumburwa nehuwandu hwekuda. Apo vatsvakurudzi vakaudza vatori vechikamu kuti vanhu zviuru zvuru mumusasa wevapoteri veRwanda vakanga vari pangozi uye vakavakumbira kuti vatume rubatsiro runogona kuponesa upenyu hwevane mazana mashanu, avo vanoda kupa kupa kwakabatana nehuwandu hwevanhu vaaigona kuchengetedza.
Zviduku zvishoma, asi vanhu vashoma vakanga vachida kubatsira. Semuenzaniso, vaive vakagadzirira kudai vaigona kuchengetedza 1500 kubva pa5000, kupfuura kana vaizokwanisa kuchengetedza 1500 kubva kune vanhu 10 000.
Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinotaura izvi "kusina maturo kufunga," uye vanhu vazhinji vanosvika pachikumbaridzo chisingabatsiri zvinokurumidza.
Paul Slovic, weChitemisho Ongororo uye mutsvakurudzi anotungamirira mundima iyi, anoratidza kuti izvi zvinogona kunge zvichiitika nekuda kwekunzwa mhosva pamusoro pevanhu vasingagoni kuchengetedza mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Mhosva yacho inogona kunge ichiodza mwoyo pakunzwira tsitsi uye kusada
4. Kuparadzaniswa kweMutoro
Kazhinji inonzi "mumiririri," chimiro chevanhu chinotibvumira kufunga kuti mumwe munhu achaita zvaanoda kuitwa.
Vatsvakurudzi mune imwe tsvakurudzo vakawana kuti makumi manomwe kubva muzana yevatori vechikamu avo vari voga uye vanonzwa manzwiro ekutambudzika kubva kune mumwe munhu muimba yakabatana vakapindura uye vakabatsira. Apo vaviri vatori vechikamu vakanga vari pamwe chete, mutengo wekupindura kumanzwiro ekurwadziwa kwakawira zvikuru, mune imwe nguva kune vanomwe chete muzana.
Isu tinowanzozvirega "kubva pachigamba" kana tikafunga kuti vamwe vanozotora slack.
5. Ruzivo Rwakanaka
Vanhu vanoita sevanonyatsonaka-vanotarirwa kune chero chinhu chisingatarisi.
Ongororo dzakawana kuti vanhu vachapikisana nevanonyanya kufarira kana mamiriro acho anokanganisa maonero avo okusaruramisira.
Semuenzaniso, vatambi vaviri vari mumutambo wekuedza vanoudzwa kuti mumwe wavo achabhadhara mari yakaita sa $ 10 uye anofanira kuzviparadzanisa nemutambo wechipiri. Kana munhu wechipiri akaramba urongwa, ipapo hapana mutambi anowana chero chinhu.
Munhu wokutanga, kana mupiro, anosarudza mari yakawanda yaanopa kune uyo akagamuchira. Kuzvipira kwakarurama kunogona kureva kuti uyo anopa aizopa zviduku zvishoma zvingaita, uye uyo anogamuchira achabvuma izvozvo, sezvo kuwana chimwe chinhu chiri nani kupfuura chinhu.
Zvisinei, kana uyo akagamuchira anonzwa kuti mari inopiwa inenge "isina kukodzera," iye angangodaro, achiva nechokwadi chokuti hapana munhu anowana chero chinhu. Izvo zviitiko zvinoshanda zvakanakisisa ndezvipi apo mari yacho yakakamurwa zvakaenzana, inofadza kuti pfungwa iyo yakakwana.
Panyaya yekupa mutsa, kuipa kwaanoita kunogona kuora mwoyo kana akanzwa kuti vamwe vanhu havaiti chikamu chavo. Izvo hazviratidzika kunge zvakakosha kupa, ichiti, 10 muzana yemari yako kune rubatsiro kana vamwe vachipa zvishoma kana zvisina.
Ndicho chikonzero vamwe vanobhadhara mari ikozvino vanopa mienzaniso yezera yekupa. Kana iwe uchiziva muvakidzani wako akapa $ 50, unogona kukurudzirwa kupa zvakawanda kana kupfuura. Uyezve, kupa mitsindo kana kupa vanhu munharaunda kunogona kuisa mu "kururamisira" quotient.
6. Mari
Zvinoshamisa, zvakawanikwa kuti kufunga nezvemari kunogonawo kuora mwoyo.
Mukutsvaga, vatsvakurudzi vakaronga boka rimwe revatori vechikamu kuti vafunge nezvemari, semuenzaniso, kusataurira mazwi pamusoro pemari kana kuva nemisuta yeMonopoly mari iri pedyo. Boka rinodzora harina zviyeuchidzo zvemari. Kusiyana? Iko mari yeboka yakaratidza hukuru hukuru kubva kune umwe uye kusabatanidzwa kuduku ne:
- kutora nguva refu kuti akumbire rubatsiro paunoita basa rakaoma
- kusiya chikamu chikuru pakati pechigaro kunyange apo paanoudzwa kuti aswedere pedo kuitira kuti vagone kutaurirana
- kuva mukana wekusarudza basa rekuzorora raigona kunakidzwa chete
- kuva zvishoma kubatsira kune vamwe
- uye kupa mari shoma pavakakumbirwa kupa imwe yemari yavakabhadharwa kuti vatore chikamu muchiedza kune chikonzero chakanaka
Chikonzero chemuitiro uyu pane chikamu cheboka remari ringangodaro kuti kana chimwe chinhu chingatengwa, chidimbu chekushandira pamwe chete chinoderedzwa. Mukuedza, kunyange kuratidzira kwemari kwakaburitsa unhu hunoita munhu oga panzvimbo pokufunga kweruzhinji.
Chii Chingaita Kuti Vashandi Vanobhadhara Mari?
Heano mamwe maitiro ayo akachenjera evanhu vanogona kushandisa mari kuti apfuure kudzivirirwa kwebongo redu hunoita kuti tisaita chinhu chakanaka:
- shandisa mifananidzo yakamanikidzika uye isa pfungwa kune mumwe munhu anenge atambudzwa panzvimbo pezviverengero
- rubatsiro kukudziridza manzwiro eruzhinji uye kururamisira
- kuratidzira kubatana pakati pedu nevanhu zviuru zvemakiromita kure, uye isu tose takafanana sei
- kubatsira vabatsiri kunzwisisa kuti chipo chavo hachisi "donho mubhakete"
- taurira kumanikidzira nyaya dzevanhu
- shandisa zviverengero mukrete, vanhu, uye nzira dzekusika
- kupa nzira dzekubatsira izvo zvisingarevi kungopa mari.
Chinonyanya kukosha, Singer anoti, kuumba tsika yekupa.
Kuita kuti vamwe vanhu vazive nezvorudo rwavo pachavo kunogona kubatsira vamwe kuzarura mwoyo yavo uye zvikwama.
Misangano yakadai seBurder Giving inogona kuisa tsika itsva dzekupa. Kupa Zvikwata zvinogona kugadzira nzvimbo yevanopa vanosimbirana.
Kugadzirisa "kusakwana" pane zvigadziriro zvedu kunogonawo kubatsira.
Muimbi anotaura zvipo zvekupa zvipo mune dzimwe nyika dzinofunga kuti iwe uchazvipa kunze kwekuti iwe ubuda kunze pane kuvimba nevabatsiri kuti vasarudze.
Makambani anokurudzira vashandi vanogona kuita zvimwechetezvo, uyewo kupa mapurogiramu anozvipira anobvumira vashandi kushandisa nguva yekushanda kudzorera kumunharaunda.
Kuumba tsika yekupa, Singer anoti, anogona kufamba nenzira yakareba kukurudzira hupenyu hwevanhu hunokwira kumusoro kwekushanduka kwayo uye hunoshandisa chikonzero pamwe nemanzwiro ekuita zvisarudzo zvetsika pamusoro pevatinobatsira uye kuti sei.
Zvidzidzo:
- Peter Singer, Upenyu Unogona Kuuponesa , kunyanya zvitsauko 4 ne5.
- Paul Slovic, "Kana ndikatarira mashoma ini handimboiti": Psychic inopera uye kuparadza .