Ndiyo Ramangwana Rokurima Here?
Vakawanda vanodavira kuti kumira kwakakwana kunogona kuva mhinduro yedambudziko iri. Iko kurima kurima ramangwana rekurima here? Icho chiri kuenda kutamba basa rinokosha rinotarisana nekuwedzera kwekudya kwekudya kwepasi rose here? Ngatitsvakei!
Chii Chinonzi Vertical Farming?
Vertical farming ndiyo tsika itsva yekugadzira chikafu pamatunhu akadzika. Panzvimbo yekurimisa miriwo uye zvimwe zvokudya pane imwechete yepamusoro, yakadai mumunda kana chekushisa, iyi nzira itsva inobereka zvokudya muzvikamu zvakatenderedzwa zvakasanganiswa zvinowanzobatanidzwa mune zvimwe zvivako zvakadai sekateksi, chigadziko chekutakura kana kuti chigadziriswa chekuchengetedza. Kushandisa teknolojia yeDeedled Environment Agriculture (CEA), pfungwa iyi yemazuva ano inoshandisa nzira dzekurima muminda. Kudzora kwekushisa kwekushisa, chiedza, kunaya, uye magasi kunoita kuti kuve nekudya uye mishonga iri mukati. Munzira dzakawanda, kumira kwakananga kwakafanana nemaruva ekurasira umo masimbi ekugadzirisa uye magetsi emagetsi anowedzera chiedza chezuva.
Icho chinangwa chikuru chekurima kurima chiri kukurisa zvirimwa zvinowanikwa munzvimbo shoma.
Zvakaita Vertical Farming Works
Pane zvikamu zvina zvakakosha pakunzwisisa maitiro ekurima kwekurima: 1. Chimiro chemuviri, 2. Chiedza, 3. Kukura mashizha, uye 4. Kusimudzira zvinhu. Kutanga, chinangwa chikuru chekurima kurima chiri kuwedzera zvimwe zvokudya pamamita mita.
Kuti azadzise chinangwa ichi, zvirimwa zvinokurudzirwa mumatanda akaiswa mukati mehupenyu hwehupenyu. Chechipiri, kubatana kwakakwana kwezvisikwa zvepanyama uye zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa kuchengetedza chiedza chakakwana chemukati. Technologies yakadai semibhedha inoshandiswa inoshandiswa kuvandudza kugadzirisa magetsi. Chechitatu, panzvimbo yevhu, aeroponic, aquaponic kana hydroponic kukura miviri inoshandiswa. Peat moss kana kokonati husks uye mimwe midzi isina kusima yevhu yakakurumbira mukurima. Pakupedzisira, nzira yekusimudza yekurima inoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzirisa simba rekurima kwekurima. Ichokwadi, kurima kurima kunoshandisa 95 muzana pasi pemvura.
Makomborero eWest Farming
Kuva nehuwandu hunobva kune imwe nzvimbo yekurima haisi iyo chete inobatsira yekurima kurima. Zvinotevera ndezvimwe zvezvikomborero zvakakura zvekurima kurima:
- Kugadzirira Ramangwana: Pakazosvika 2050, inenge 80 kubva muzana yehuwandu hwevanhu munyika inotarisirwa kugara mumaguta, uye kuwedzera kwevanhu kuchaendesa kuwedzera kudiwa kwekudya. Kushandiswa kwakanaka kwekurima kurima kunogona kuita basa rinokosha mukugadzirira dambudziko rakadaro.
- Kuwedzera Uye Kwegore-Kukura Kwekurima: Kurairika kwemairiri kunotibvumira kuti tive nezvirimwa zvakawanda kubva panzvimbo imwechete yepamusoro yekukura kwemahara. Nekudaro, 1 acre yeimba yekunze inopa kuenzaniswa kwakakwana kusvika 4-6 acres ekunze kwekwanisi. Maererano nekufungidzira kwakazvimiririra, chivako chine nhambwe makumi matatu nemasere e 5 acres chinogona kuunza yakaenzana nemahekita 2,400 eminda yekurima yakakwana. Uyezve, gore rose gore rekugadzirwa kwezvirimwa rinogona kuitika munzvimbo inodzorwa mumamiriro ekunze iyo inonyatsodzorwa nehutachiona hwekurima.
- Kushoma Kushandiswa Kwemvura Mukurima: Kurairika kwemairi kunotibvumira kuti tive nezvirimwa pamwe ne 70-95 muzana pamvura shoma pane zvingadiwa kuti tive nekurima.
- Usati Wakaitwa Nezvisina Kukodzera Mamiriro Ehu Weather: Zvirimwa mumunda zvinogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nematambudziko ezvakadai semvura inonaya mvura, dutu, mafashamo kana kusanaya kwemvura - zviitiko zvinowedzera kuwedzera semugumisiro wekudziya kwepasi. Mapurazi akadzikamisa akadai asingakwanisi kunzwa manzwiro emamiriro okunze asina kunaka, achipa chokwadi chekukohwa kwegore rose.
- Kuwedzerwa Kwekugadzirwa Kwezvirimwa Zvemiti: Sezvo zvirimwa zvichibudiswa munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa zviri mukati memo pasina kushandiswa kwekemikari inouraya mishonga, kurima kurima kunotibvumira kukura zvipembenene zvisina kupisa uye zvinomera.
- Vanhu Nekuchengetedzwa Kwemagariro: Kudyara kwekunze kwemukati kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya dambudziko rebasa rinobatanidzwa nekurima kwekurima. Varimi havangavi pachena kune njodzi dzine chokuita nemidziyo yakaoma yekurima, zvirwere zvakadai semarariya, makemikari ane chepfu uye nezvimwewo. Sezvo zvisingavhiringidzi mhuka nemiti inzvimbo dzenyika, zvakanaka kune zvimwe zvipenyu pamwe chete.
Zvigumisiro zve Vertical Farming
Vertical farming ine zvose zvinowedzera uye zvakashata. Dzimwe nguva zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvakasimbiswa uye hazvisi izvo. Zvinotevera ndezvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvikuru zvekurima:
- Kwete Hwakagadziriswa Zvemari: Kuita mari kwekuita iyi nzira itsva yekurima inoramba isina chokwadi. Mari inoshandiswa pakuvaka zvivakwa zvekurima zvekurima, pamwe chete nedzimwe mari dzakadai sechiedza, kupisa, uye kushanda, zvinogona kuva zvinopfuura zvatinogona kuwana kubva pakubereka kwemairi. Kwemahekeri makumi matanhatu ehekeri yakasvibirira, mari yekuvaka inogona kunge yakadarika $ 100 mamiriyoni. Uye apo mapurisa anotaridzika achange akazonaka kuti awane pedyo nemaguta, mutengo wepamusoro weimba inotadzisa huchadzivirira kukwanisa kwemari kwemajuta. Mamiriro emari ari kuchinja, zvisinei, sezvo shamba iri richikura. Imwe kambani, Newbean Capital, ichangobva kuziviswa midziyo yekubhadhara mitero inosungirirwa mune zvekurima zvekurima.
- Matambudziko ane Pollination: Kurema kurima kunoitika munzvimbo yakarongeka pasina kuvepo kwezvipembenene. Sezvo zvakadaro, chirongwa chekuita mararine chinofanira kuitwa nemaoko, chichava basa rakaoma uye rinodhura.
- Mari Inoshandiswa: Basa rekurima, mari yebasa inogona kuva yakakwirira zvikuru nekuda kwekudiwa kwevashandi vane unyanzvi. Saka, mari yeawa yevashandi inogona kunge yakakwirira kupfuura yekurima. Uye vertical vertical technology inoda kukosha kukuru, iyo ichawedzera kumari yebasa.
- Mashoma Mashoma: Kuzvienzanisa mumapurazi akajeka kunogona kutungamirira kudiwa kwevashoma vashandi. Nyaya yekuvhenekera inogona kuva imwe yezvakawanda zvekushanda-kushanda mumapurazi akajeka.
- Basa Rakadzika Pasi: Ikugadzirwa kwepurazi yakatarisa kunogona kuita kuti vashandi vasvike kune imwe neimwe. Kukwira kumatunhu makuru kunotora nguva nesimba, kuderedza kushanda kwevashandi.
- Kunyanya Kuvimba Nezvinhu Zvekombiyuta: Kuvandudzirwa kwemichina yepamusoro kunogona kuwedzera nguva yakakwana uye kuderedza mari. Asi iyo yose inorimwa yekurima inonyanya kuvimba nemichina yakasiyana-siyana yekujekesa, kuchengetedza kutonhora, uye kunaya. Kurasikirwa nesimba kwezuva rimwe chete kunogona kuratidza mari inokosha kune firimu yakajeka. Vazhinji vanotenda kuti unyanzvi hunoshandiswa mazuva ano hahugadziri kutorwa kwevanhu vakawanda.
Vertical Farming muUnited States
AeroFarms ndeimwe yemakambani makuru ekurima muAmerica Itsva 70,000-square foot facility muNewark, New Jersey iri kunzi munda wepamusoro-soro. Mukuwedzera kune purazi iyi yeNewark, kambani ine mamwe mapfumbamwe mapoka maduku. Iyo kambani yakasimudza mari inodarika $ 50 mamiriyoni kubva kune zvaidiwa zvePrudential uye Goldman Sachs. Yakagamuchira mari inopfuura $ 9 mamiriyoni mune zvipo zvomunharaunda uye zvehurumende pamwe chete.
Iyo kambani inotarisira kubudisa mamiriyoni maviri emamiriyoni emadhora gore negore, kushandiswa kweaeroponics teknolojia. Aeroponics inzira yekurima iyo midzi inomiswa mumhepo uye mhinduro yemuviri inoshandiswa mumhando yemafuta akanaka.
Munharaunda yayo yeNew Jersey, marudzi anopfuura 250 emadhero nemishonga iri kukura pamataipi akave akareba mamita makumi maviri. IAeroFarms michero haina rusununguko rwema fertilizer uye mishonga inouraya. Parizvino, zvigadzirwa zvayo zviripo mune zvekudya zvezvitoro uye mashambaguru ane $ 3.99 pepa.
AeroFarms inoronga pakuvaka purazi yakakura yakajeka muCamden, Jew Jersey. Iyo makirogiramu 78,000 makumbo mapurazi anotarisirwa kuzoshanda muna 2018. Kambani yakagamuchira madhora 11.14 mamiriyoni emubhadharo wemitero kubva ku Economic Economic Authority yeNew Jersey. Pane imwe nguva inoshandiswa, purazi idzva ichazonzi munda mutsva wakakura kwazvo pasi pose.
Mhedziso
Kunze kweAeroFarms, hapana zvimwe zvikwangwani zvakakura zvekurima muUnited States zvichida zvakamboona kubudirira kweimwe nyika. IJapan ikozvino inotakura mazana maviri "kurimwa semashamba" mashizha emiti, uye China ine imwe 80. Uye apo kumira kwepachikamu chikamu chiduku zvikuru chemusika, chiri kukura nokukurumidza uye chinotarisirwa kushaya $ 5.8 mabhiriyoni kubva muna 2022, uye mukuru inowanikwa muAsia Pacific.
Zvechokwadi utori hwemari huri huri hutsva. Makambani achiri kukwanisa kubudirira kubudisa zvirimwa zvishoma uye kuita kuti zvigone kushandiswa mune zvehupfumi kuti zvigone kukura kwekudya kunodiwa. Kubudirira kwemapurazi seAeroFarms ichasarudza kuti basa rinokosha rakadini richaita mune ramangwana kusangana nematambudziko ekukura kwekudya kwekudya. Zvakakosha kuziva, zvisinei, kuti zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakagadzirwa nemapurazi akajeka zviri kutorwawo nedzimwe zvikamu zvemadhora emadhora madhora mazana matatu emadhora edzimba dzekurima, zvakadai semagetsi.
Resources
Kuti "chengetedze" mukati mekurima nekusimudza kurima, pane zvakawanda zvekushandisa zviripo zviripo. Izvi zvinosanganisira Upstart University, AgTech Innovation Center, Vertical Farming Summit, uye vamwe vakawanda. Uyezve, ona chinyorwa ichi naChris Powers: 10 Online Platforms Kubatsira Varimi Vemazuva Ekupedzisira.