Zviratidzo zveVanhu Vanoita Zvemagariro uye Nheyo dzavakawana
Kuchinja Kwayo Nyika: Social Entrepreneurs uye Simba reNew Ideas , David Bornstein, Oxford University Press, 2008.
Vadzidzi vepachikoro chesekondari vanotarisana nepamusoro vanotarisana nehondo yekukwira kuti vaende kukireji. Nyeredzi dzinodzidza pakati pavo dzinoongororwa nemasangano, asi vadzidzi vane mari shoma, avo varikureji vakakodzera asi vane mavhareji akawanda ekuenzanisa uye zviyero, vanowanzoregererwa uye havagashirwi kukurudzirwa kwavanoda kuti vaende mumugwagwa wegoroji whitewater.
College Summit, yakagadzwa naJB Scramm, iri kuchinja iyo kwezviuru zvevadzidzi kuburikidza nemasangano uye mazano.
MuBrazil, vanhu vari mumaruwa havagone, mune dzimwe nguva, vachirarama munyika yavo. Kushaiwa kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kutamba ivhu, nekuregererwa nehurumende zvinoreva kuti mamiriyoni emhuri yekumaruwa anopinda mumaguta achitsvaga basa uye anopedzisira agere mumakamuri makuru, akaputira mumaguta umo pasina rubatsiro ruduku kana tariro. Fabio Rosa, murumewo zvake uyo aisimbirira, akabatsira kugadzirisa mafambiro evanhu vanotizira kumaguta nekugadzira nzira dzisina mari yekuunza magetsi kumaruwa ekumaruwa ekuBrazil.
Izvi ndezvinyorwa zviviri zvezvinyorwa zvinotaurwa mubasa rekudzidzira hutano hwezvemagariro evanhu, Kuchinja Kwepasi: Social Entrepreneurs uye Simba reNew Ideas , naDavid Bornstein. Bhuku racho rakarongedzwa muna 2008, kusunungurwa kwakakodzera panguva iyo izwi rokuti "social entrepreneur" rakapararira munyika yose isingabatsiri kufanana neCalifornia kubhururuka moto kubvira pakatanga bhuku racho muna 2004.
Boorstein, mutori wenhau uye munyori weThe Price of Dream: Nyaya yeGrameen Bank , inonyora nyaya inokurudzira ye, izvo zvaanodana, vanhu vasingagari - vanhu vari munyika yose vanotora matambudziko emagariro evanhu uye vanowana zvitsva, kunyange zvakasiyana , solutions.
Kubatanidza nyaya idzi pamwe chete ndezve nyaya inofananidzwa yesangano rinonzi Ashoka.
Ashoka, kusikwa kwaBill Drayton, isangano rinotarisa, iro rinowana zvakanakisisa zvevashandi vemagariro evanhu chero kupi zvingangodaro. Kana imwe yakawanikwa, Ashoka inotsigira vanhu ava vasina kujairika kuburikidza nemagariro, uye, zvinonyanya kukosha, inopa hutano hwevanhu vakafanana-siyana pasi rose.
Boorstein, mubhuku rake, How To Change the World , inopa mazano akawanda ekutsanangura kana kuva sangano iro rinoita zvekutengesa uye rinoratidza humiro hwevanhu vanogara mune zvemagariro evanhu.
Unhu hweMabhizimisi Emabhizimisi
- Institutionalize listening . Aya ndiwo masangano epasi-up anokoshesa maonero nemaonero evanhu vavanoshumira. Iwe haugoni kuwana zvivako zvepamusoro, zvinyorwa-pasi pasi, kana vatungamiriri vanoisa pfungwa pane ivo pachavo. Pa Childline, sangano rinobatsira vana vomumigwagwa yeIndia, kutanga kuonana mwana ane sangano iri kuburikidza nemumwe mwana akabatsirwa. Havasi vhizha, asi ivo vanobudirira. Izvo vana vanopa mhinduro inopfuurira kune sangano pamusoro pezvinoitika "pasi."
- Ngwarira kune zvakasiyana . Masangano ezvemabhizimisi anongwarira kune ruzivo rutsva nemigumisiro . Rusununguko rwekare pane zvekare zvinomanikidza kuita zvinhu nenzira yekare, mazvikwata aya anogona kuona zvigumisiro kunyange kana zvisinganzwisisiki uye zvisingatarisirwi. College Summit yakatanga nekubudirira kusingatarisirwi kwevadzidzi vana avo, apo vakarovedzwa kuburikidza nenzira yekushanda kwekoroji, vakagamuchirwa kumakoroji. Upenyu hwavo hwakashandurwa nenzira inoshamisa kuburikidza nekupindira kwakajeka.
- Yakagadzirisa mhinduro chaiyo yevanhu chaivo . Aya masangano anonyanyisa. Vanonyanya kufunga nezvechinangwa uye vanoshandisa nzira ipi zvayo kuti vasvike nayo. An Ashoka Fellow muSouth Africa aida kuchenesa upenyu hwevarombo vane AIDS. Apo akazoziva kuti AIDS yaiva runyararo, akakurumidza kutsvaga pakupa "huwandu" hwehutano hwakanaka, izvo zvakamubvumira kupinda kune vanorwara, vazhinji vavo vairwara kana kufa neAIDS. Zvaakadana kuti aishanda hazvina kukosha.
- Funga nezveunhu hweunhu . Apo masangano emabhizimisi aya anotora, kubhadhara nekugadzirisa vashandi, vanoisa pfungwa pakunzwira tsitsi, kushandura mafungiro, nekusimba kwehutano hwehutano hwehutano hwehutsika. Credentials haisi iyo inonyanya kukosha. Kutaura zvazviri, masangano aya anowedzera kuburikidza nokusashandisa vashandi vezvidzidzo pamiganhu yepamberi. Semuenzaniso, Grameen Bank, iyo inopa ma microloans kuvarombo, inosarudza kuunganidza vashandi vasina ruzivo rwebhangi. Unhu hwavo hwevanhu hunonyanya kukosha ... vanogona kudzidziswa mumichina yezvavanoita.
Zviratidzo zveVanhu vezveMabhizimisi
Masangano ezvemabhizimisi anowanzogadzirwa nesangano rezvemagariro evanhu. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi kuti ivo vadzidzisi vezvematongerwo enyika. Vanongoziva kuti ivo vanonyanyisa nezveimwe dambudziko revanhu uye vakatsunga kuita chimwe chinhu pamusoro payo. Tinoziva sei vanhu vakadaro? Boorstein inoratidza kuti vashandi vezvemagariro evanhu vanoratidzira zvinotevera:
- Vanoda kuzviruramisa. Vashambadziri havasi nyanzvi dzinoona nyeredzi sezvaungangofunga, asi vanogadzirisa vanoita basa racho vachifunga nezvechinangwa, kwete nzira yakasiyana. Izvi zvinovabvumira kubvuma kuti chimwe chinhu hachishandi uye shandura kune imwe nzira inobata vimbiso yakawanda. Kugamuchira kukundwa mumugwagwa umwe kunobvumira mutengesi wezvemagariro kutsvaga mamwe migwagwa.
- Vanoda kupa chikwereti. Vatsigiri vezvemagariro evanhu vanotsanangurwa mubhuku raBoorstein nguva dzose vanokwereta vamwe kubudirira kwebasa ravo. Izvi zvinopa hukama hwakasimba nevaya vanobatsira kusimbisa masangano avo. Kubhadhara kungasave kwakakura, asi kugutsikana nekuzivikanwa zvakanakira vanhu vanoshanda pamwe uye nevanamabhizimisi evanhu.
- Vashandi vezvemagariro evanhu vanoda kusunungura zvivako zvakasimbiswa. Masangano akawanda emabhizimisi anotanga kubva kutanga pane pane mukati mavo. Izvi zvinobvumira zvitsva zvakakosha uye kukwanisa kuona kunze kwechirevo chetsika yakasiyana-siyana.
- Vanoda kuyambuka miganhu yekuranga. Boorstein inoti vashandi vezvemagariro evanhu vanoshanda se "masayendisiti emagariro evanhu," kuunganidza pfungwa, ruzivo, uye zvigadzirwa kubva mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana zvichiguma nekugadzirisa kwezvinhu zvitsva uye, kazhinji, kupikisa.
- Vanoda kushanda vakanyarara. Mazhinji emapurogiramu anotangwa nevashambadzi vezvemagariro evanhu haazivikanwi. Vamwe vevatungamiri ava vanoshanda zvinyararire kwemakumi emakore kuti vaite zvinangwa zvavo. Vanoshanda mumapoka maduku uye havatsvaki kuparidzirwa. Chikamu cheizvi ndechokuti ivo vakazvipira kumabasa avo, panzvimbo pekuvhenekera.
- Vane simba rakanaka rinokurudzira. Kusiyana nevamwe vadzidzisi vezvematongerwo enyika vanoda kutsvaga marakiti kubudirira, vashandi vezvemagariro evanhu vanotungamirirwa nemafungiro avo emitemo. Sezvo Boorstein akanyora, "Ko rudzi rwebhizimisi ruchida kuvaka chikwata chenyika chikuru chekushanda-shangu kana kupora vana vose venyika?"
Kuverenga nezvevanamabhizimisi vezvemagariro evanhu uye nezveAshoka ndezvakazarurwa. Vanhu ava vanofunga kusvika kure nebhokisi kuti zvinoshamisa kuona. Iwe unozviwana uri kubhadharira kubudirira kwavo uye unoshamisika kuti nei usina kuziva nezvavo kare. Ndinofara, masangano akadai seAshoka ari kune avo vanhu uye ari kuunza kune avo kuitira kuti tive nekukomba, kutsigirwa, uye kunyange kubatanidzwa nemabasa avo sevadzidzisi kana vanozvipira .