ISPM-15
Chii chinonzi ISPM-15?
ISPM-15 (International Standards for Measures Phytosanitary Measures No. 15) inotaura nezvezvinodikanwa zvehuni pakutevedza miganhu yenyika. Icho Chimiro cheMarudzi Phytosanitary chinoshandiswa neInternational Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). ISPM-15 inotaurira kutengeswa kwepasi rose kwezvinhu zvakasimba zvehuni zvinodarika 6 mm. Inogona kugadziriswa kuburikidza nekutenderwa kwehutano hwekupisa uye fumigation kurapwa.
Chinangwa chikuru che ISPM-15 ndechekudzivirira kupararira kwezvipembenene uye zvirwere zvinogona kunge zvisina kukanganisa zvinomera uye zvipenyu kuburikidza nokutakura kwenyika dzose. Inobatanidza midziyo, ndege, motokari, midziyo, storages nzvimbo, ivhu nezvimwe zvinhu uye zvinhu zvinogona kupararira uye kubata zvipembenene. IIPPC ISPM-15 yakaenzana inotorwa nemazano enyika dzakawanda dzenyika dzakawana mhuka yezvisikwa zvinokuvadza mukufambisa kwekusafuridzira kana kusina kupisa-kutapiswa kwehuni huni humwe.
Kunyatsonzwisisa kurapwa kwezvigadziro zvehuni zvakagadzirwa nemapuranga, zvakadai sehuni pallets uye kuvhara, kusanganisira zvishandiswa zvakare kana zvigadziriswa zvigadziri zvinogona kudzivirira kusagadzikana uye mari yekutengeswa kwako kunzvimbo dzepasi pose dzekupinda.
Nheyo yenyaya yacho ndeyokuti shiri dzinogona kuiswa mumatanda asina kusimbiswa, uye kana dzakatumirwa pasi rose, dzinogona kuparadza zvipenyu mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika.
I-ISPM-15 inotungamirira urongwa hwakagadzirirwa kuderedza dambudziko revanhu vasiri vedzinza vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinofanira kuchengetedza ISPM-15 muzinga uye izvo zvisingabvi pazviri?
ISPM-15 mitemo yakaenzana inosanganisira matanda nemapuranga zvakagadzirwa nemapuranga zvakadai sedunnage, makateti, reels, collars uye pallets, asi zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sepurasitiki, pepa, simbi, uye kunyange miti yemapuranga emiti (miti inogadzirwa) yakadai seplywood, hardboard, OSB havagoni kuchengetedza ISPM-15 yakaenzana.
Asi yeuka, kutumira kana kutakura huni kana zvigadzirwa zvematanda mune imwe nyika hazvisunungurwi kubva pane izvi zvinodiwa. Zvakare, ISPM-15 yakaenzana inoshanda chete kune dzimwe nyika dzinotevedzera mazano ePPC.
Nzira yekuchengetedza sei ISPM-15 yakaenzana?
Pasi peSITM-15, zvisikwa zvose zvisiri zvigadzirwa nematanda emapurasitiki (WPM) zvekutengeserana zvakadai sehuni pallets, dunnage uye kukwegura kunofanira kurapwa. Muhutano hwekushisa, WPM inofanira kupiswa kusvikira inopisa mukati maro inosvika 56 degree Celsius kana kupfuura kwemaminitsi makumi matatu. Izvi zvinoonekwa senzira inobatsira uye yakasununguka nzira yekuparadza zvipembenene zvinokuvadza kubva pamatanda. Ne fumigation iri kushandiswa sekusarudzwa kwekurapa, zvimwe, zvakadai se dielectric kana microwave kupisa zviri kutarirwa pane zvinogona kugadziriswa. Kuchengetedzwa kwehuya, zvisinei, ndiyo yakasimba miti yepurasitiki pakuchengetedza mamiriro emuitiro unoenderana nenguva ino.
Mushure mokufirwa kana kupisa, WPM inodzikidzwa kana kuiswa mararamiro neyepasi rose inonzi IPPC mark. Nzira yekurapa inoshandiswa uye nyika inotangira WPM inoratidzwawo nechiratidzo. Inowanikwa munyaya ino muenzaniso we IPPC mark inoshandiswa muCanada.
Zvakadini neIPM-15 muCanada neU.SA?
Vose Canada neU.SA ndivo nhengo dzePPC uye vakagamuchira mitemo yeIPM-15 yekuchengetedza mhirizhonga yenyika.
Nokudaro, kutengeswa kwenyika dzakawanda kana chero imwe nzira yekufambisa yeWPM inofanira kurapwa uye inoratidzwa nePPC mark. Nhengo dzeplats, makambani kana zvimwe zveWPM dzinotumirwa zvakare nepamusoro pakati peCanada neU.SA, zvisinei, hazvibvumirwi neIPM-15 zvinodiwa, nepo pakutakura zvinhu izvi kubva kuKanada kana kuU.S. kune dzimwe nyika, ISPM-15 mitemo inoshanda.
North America mabhizimisi anonetseka kuti ISPM-15 inowanikwa inogona kuitika kuKana-US yekufamba-famba pamakumbo, pane imwe nguva. Kunyange zvazvo zvaifungidzirwa kuti kuregererwa kwaizobviswa muna 2016 kana 2017, nguva yekugadzwa kweIPM-15 pakati peCanada neUnited States inoramba isina chokwadi sezvakaitika panguva ino.
Kubva pane maonero ezvakatipoteredza, kushandiswa kwakanyanya kweIPM-15 inoda kuvhara korani yeCanada-US yekutengeserana kuchabatsira kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, asi mari yekushandiswa kwekushisa kana kuti mamwe mapirlet anozogadziriswa nemashizha.