Mutengi uye mutengesi anofanira kuziva kuti njodzi inotanga uye inoguma, ndiani anokonzera izvo (semuenzaniso, mari uye zvinyorwa), uyo ane zvaanoda uye pane nzvimbo ipi zvayo.
Uye kunyange zvazvo pane mauto ose emarudzi akawanda ari kushandiswa, tichatarisa pane zvinowanzoshandiswa kune dzimwe nyika zvigadzirwa zvemitemo zvakapiwa neMitemo yeInternet of Commerce's Incoterms.
Chero iwe uri mutengesi, mutengesi, mutengesi, mutungamiri, gweta, mubhengi, mutengesi, insurer kana mutarisiri anoda zvekutengeserana, iwe unofanirwa kuzviziva nemitemo ye Incoterm, iyo inonzi inokosha kushandiswa mune zvibvumirano zvekutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa munyika.
Somuenzaniso, pano tinokurukura kugadzirira proforma invoice tichishandisa rimwe remashoko akafanana, CNF, (ona pasi apa) zvinoreva mari uye kutengesa - iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara mari yekutakura uye kuunganidza kubva kumutengi wako gare gare.
Zvose zvataurwa pasi apa zvichaita nhamba yekupedzisira pane yako yekubudisa kana kutora zvinyorwa, uyewo nezvemari yako yekutumira. Izvi zvinotevera kubva mubhuku rangu, "Kutanga uye Kurumidza Bhizimusi Rinobhadhara Bhizimisi," asi ndakarishandura kuti ndiratidze zvose zvekutengeserana uye kutengesa nekugadzirisa Incoterms.
CIF (mari, inshuwarisi uye kutakura): iwe (mutengesi) ane mutoro wekubhadhara mari yekubhadhara uye yehushuwarisi mberi. Iwe uchaunganidza izvi gare gare apo iwe unopa mukana wako mutengi. Muitiro unowanzoitwa ndeyekuchengetedza kutumira kwe 110% yeCIF yaro kukosha. Ngatiti iwe urikusimudzira kutumira kuFar East (Japan, Korea, Taiwan) pamutengo we $ $6625 ne $ 100 (iyo inosanganisira hondo uye zvose zvinowanikwa panjodzi).
Invoice Inokosha: $ 12,000.00
Freight: $ 1,200.00
Kusunungura / Kutarisa: $ 100.00
TOTAL: $ 13,300.00
110% ye TOTAL: $ 14,630.00
INSURANCE: $ 90.34
CIF TOTAL: $ 14,720.34
Hezvino ndiyo nzira yaunosvika nayo kuCIF chikwata: Wedzera kukosha kwekoti (mari), kutakura, uye kubvisa / kutarisira mito. Ita ichi chizere ne 110%, ndokugovana ne100. Tora chimiro ichi uye uwedzere ne $ .6175. Muchiitiko ichi, chigumisiro chako ndiyo inshuwarisi yako ye $ 90.34. Wedzera izvi kuhodhi yako, kutakura uye kushandiswa kwema $ 14,630 kweCIF ye $ 14,720.34. Zvakanaka kuziva kuti izvi zvakaitwa sei, asi iwe haufaniri kuzvifungisisa nehuyu kuverenga kana kuti ikozvino kubhadhara kwechiketi kana ukashandisa mutengesi wekutakura . Zvose zvaunofanirwa kuita ndekukumbira wekugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvekushandisa kuti ataure iwe inshuwarheni yekugoverwa pa 110% CIF yemari.
Mitemo yeGungwa uye Inland Waterway Transport
CNF / CFR (mari uye kutengesa): iwe unotarisirwa kubhadhara mari yekutakura uye kuunganidza kubva kumutengi wako gare gare. Mune mamwe mazwi, zita rezvigadzirwa, dambudziko uye inshuwarisi rinobhadhara kune mutengi kana ichiendeswa muareka nemutengesi. Mutengesi anokweretesa mari yekufambisa kuenda kumahombekombe ekuenda.
FAS (yakasununguka pamwe chete nechikepe): iwe (mutengesi) unofanira kuita zvose zvinorongwa kuti uwane zvigadziro zvezvikepe, zvakagadzirirwa kutakurwa, uye kubhadhara mari yose kusvika ipapo.
Mutengi wako (mutengi) ndiye ane mhosva yekutengesa zvinhu mukati memidziyo yekutakura panzvimbo yakatarwa.
FOB (pasina mubhodhi): iwe (somutengi) unofanira kutarisira zvose mapepa uye / kana mari inoshandiswa ( kusanganisira inshuwarisi ) kuunganidza zvinhu kubva kumutengesi (mutengesi) uye unozviisa kune anotakura pasi rose.
Rinotonga Chero Mhando ipi neipi kana Mafambisi ekutakura
EX (Ex Factory, Ex Door kana Ex Dock): Mitsara inotanga ne "EX" inoratidza kuti mutengo wakataurwa kune waunotenga unoshanda chete pane zvakataurwa kubva pakutanga (fekitari yako kana yefa yako yefaji kana dock pane pepanhau rekuisa / kutumira) . Iri izwi rekutengesa rinoreva kuti iwe unobvumirana kuisa zvinhu izvo zvinodiwa nemutengi panzvimbo yakatarwa mukati memakore akatarwa.
Mamwe mazita ezvokutengeserana: FCA Free Carrier, CPT Mutoro Wakatakurwa Kuenda, CIP Mutoro uye Inishuwarensi Inobhadharwa Kuenda uye DAT Kununurwa Pa Terminal - zvose zvine zvinoreva zvakasiyana.
Nekuda kwekushandisa kushandiswa kwekushandiswa kwekushandura kwedhidhiyo (EDI), Incoterms dzakadzokororwa kuratidza nzira itsva dzokutakura dzakadai sevatakuri vakabhadharwa (CPT), motokari uye inshuwarheni yakabhadharwa (CIP), yakatengeswa kumiganhu (DAF), yakapiwa chikepe chekare (DES), chinopiwa ex quay (basa rakabhadharwa) (DEQ), rakapiwa basa risina kubhadharwa (DDU) uye rakapiwa basa rakabhadharwa (DDP). Iva nechokwadi chekubvunza yako logistics nyanzvi kana kutakura zvinyorwa kuti imwe neimwe yemashoko aya ekutengeserana inobata sei mutengo wakakwana wekutengeswa pamwe nekugadzirwa kwekutengeswa, kana kutaurirana neCIC kuti uwedzere mazano.
Pakupedzisira, yeuka kuti kuchinja kuduku kwemashoko kunogona kuchinja zvakanyanya pakubvumirana kwako kwenyika yose uye kazhinji haisi nenzira inofadza. Saka kana iwe uchiita zvinyorwa zvemari, nguva dzose rondedzera ikozvino yakabudiswa shanduro yeIncoterms kuti ibvise kusagadzikana kana kukakavadzana mune ramangwana.