Kuziva Kusarudzwa Kwemitemo
Mumitemo yakawanda yemitemo, mitauro yakatsanangurwa inotsanangurwa neimwe nzira, yakadai semashoko akashinga kana matetari. ISO inosimbisa mazwi akajeka nokuvaratidza mumashoko ekudzokorora.
Pasinei nedzimwe nzira inoshandiswa kusiyanisa, mazwi ose akasimbiswa anofanirwa kuverengwa mumatongerwo ematongerwo emagariro.
Mitemo iyo inopa zvakawanda zvakapetwa kazhinji inowedzera zvinopfuura chikamu chetsanangudzo. Somuenzaniso, fungidzira iwe wakatenga purogiramu yepakati inosanganisira mutoro wepamusoro uye yezvokutengeserana pfuma . Mutemo wako unogona kunge uine zvigadziro zviviri zvezvitsanangudzo, imwe inoshandiswa pakubatanidzwa kwepamusoro uye imwe inoshandiswa kuhupfumi hwehupfumi. Mutemo wako unogonawo kuva nemagariro ezvinyorwa, anoshanda kumapato maviri.
Mazwi akawanda kana mashoko anotsanangurwa mumutemo anogona kuwanika muchikamu chetsanangudzo. Zvisinei, vamwe vanogona kuonekwa kune dzimwe nhengo dzenheyo. Izvi zvinogona kuva nyore kupotsa. Semuenzaniso, iyo ISO yemhosva yemhosva inotsanangura izwi iwe . Izwi iri rinoreva uyo anonzi insured . Iwe unotsanangurwa pakutanga kwenheyo (mundima mbiri papeji imwe).
Nemhaka yokuti iwe hauna kuratidzirwa mumashoko ekudzokorora, hazvioneki mumanzwiro evanhu vose.
Chinangwa che Tsanangudzo
Vatsigiri vanoshandisa tsanangudzo kutsanangura zvinoreva mamwe mazwi. Kazhinji, vatsigiri vanofananidza izwi kana kuti mutsara kuti udzivise rutivi rwahwo. Chinangwa ndechekudzivirira vashandi vehurumende (uye nematare) kubva mukududzira mazwi akawanda zvakakwana kupfuura iyo inishuwarenzi yakarongwa.
Semuenzaniso, mutemo we ISO wemhosva unotaura nezvemhando mbiri dzemotokari, autos uye zvigadzirwa zvefoni . Mitemo yemitemo inovhara zvikwereti zvinokonzerwa nezviitiko zvinokonzerwa nokushanda kwemichina yefaira, yakadai semashanikiti uye mabhakitiri. Vanosanganisa zvimhosva zvinobva pamatambudziko anokonzerwa nekushanda kwemotokari. Mitemo inotsanangura mazita emotokari uye zvishandiso zvemafambisi kuti aone kusiyana kwemotokari dzisina kubviswa kubva kune iyo yakafukidzirwa.
Anishuwarenzi anogona kuwedzera tsanangudzo purogiramu yekugumisa nharo pamusoro pezvinoreva izwi kana mutsara. Somuenzaniso, gore ra1998 risati rasvika, mutemo we ISO wepamutemo hauna kurondedzera nguva yekuzivisa. Pane kusagadzikana kwakawanda kwakabva pakati pevatsigiri vezvematongerwo enyika nevatungamiri vemitemo pamusoro pemhando yezviitiko zvakakosha zvekugovera pasi pekutengesa kukuvara . Kugadzirisa dambudziko racho, ISO yakawedzera tsanangudzo yezwi kushambadzira kumutemo.
Dzimwe tsanangudzo dzakagadzirirwa kujekesa mutemo unotsanangurwa . Somuenzaniso, ISO yekutengesa purogiramu yemabhizimisi inosanganisa kurasikirwa kana kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekuputika kwemakomo. Kubviswa kwacho kune chikamu chekurasikirwa kunotevera kuburikidza nekuputika kwemhepo. Nemhaka yokuti vazhinji vanoita zvematongerwo enyika havana kujaira nezveshoko rokuti volcanic action , rinotsanangurwa mukuregererwa.
Izwi iri haritauri muchikamu chetsanangudzo yeimba.
Imwe muenzaniso wezwi rinotsanangurwa mukuregererwa ndeyekugadzirwa kwemagetsi . Izwi iri rinorondedzerwa mumutemo weIO wemhosva, asi haisi kuonekwa mumitsanangudzo yemitemo. Pane kudaro, zvarinoreva zvinotsanangurwa mumagetsi ezvinyorwa zvisiri pasi peBodly Injury uye Property Damage Liability.
Zvisingaiti muDzidziso
Sezvakataurwa kare, vatsigiri vanosanganisira tsanangudzo yekugadzirisa zvinoreva mazwi kana mitsara. Nokudaro, tsanangudzo dzingave dzine zvisarudzo. Muenzaniso ndiyo yakatsanangurwa izwi mushandi muIOO gwaro rekuita mhosva. Tsanangudzo haina kutsanangurira marudzi ose evanhu vanogona kuve vashandi . Pane kudaro, inongotaura kuti izwi iri mushandi rinosanganisira mushandi wemari , asi haasanganisi mushandi wenguva pfupi . Chaizvoizvo, tsanangudzo inoshanda sekuregererwa kwezvikwata zvinosangana nevashandi venguva pfupi.
Imwe tsanangudzo ine chekuregererwa ndiyo inotsanangurwa izwi sinkhole kuwa . Iri izwi rinotsanangurwa muIOO yezvokutengeserana pfuma Zvinokonzera fomu yekurasikirwa. Iyo tsanangudzo inotaura kuti sinkhole kuputsika hakurevi kunyura kana kuputsika kwenyika mumiti yakaitwa pasi pevhu. Mune mamwe mazwi, kudonha kwe sinkhole kunoreva kudonha kwezvitadzo zvechisikigo, kwete izvo zvakagadzirwa nevanhu.
Kutaura kusina kunaka
Vafambisi uye insureds havawanzocheri mutauro wemitemo nenzira imwecheteyo. Kusiyana kwakasiyana kunogona kutungamirira kumakakatanwa. Kana muiti wemagetsi asingabvumirane nemubatsiri wekushandura kwezwi kana kuti mutsara, iye angakakavhiringidza kuti mutauro wacho unonzwisisika. Kazhinji, shoko remitemo rinoratidzika risina kunaka kana rine zvinyorwa zviviri kana zvinopfuura zvinonzwisisika.
Semuenzaniso, funga kuti aigadziriswa ane chivako chine inshupiti pasi pekutengeserana kwemahofisi. Chivako che policyholder chakanga chaparadzwa. Mutemo unosanganisa kusarasikirwa kana kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nokuwa, asi hakutsananguri kuparara . Iyo policyholder uye inshurensi haibvumi kuti kana kuregererwa kwekufa kunoshanda kune kurasikirwa. Iyo inshuwarisi inotaura kuti chivako chikawa nokuti chiri kuputika. Iyo policyholder inopikisa kuti chivako hachina kuora nokuti hachina kuwira pasi. Dare rinosarudza kuti shoko rinoputsika risina kumira, sezvo vaviri ve inshuwarisi uye shanduro dzevashandi veshoko racho zvinonzwisisika.
Zvibvumirano zveAdhesion
Inishuwarenzi mitemo ine zvibvumirano zvekubatanidza, zvinoreva kuti zvakanyorwa nesangano rimwe bedzi. Iyo inshurensi inonyora purogiramu uye inoipa iyo kune mutengi. Kunze kwekuti mutengi ikambani yakakura kwazvo, haina simba guru rekutaurirana nezvematongerwo enyika. Vazhinji veinishuwarenzi vatengi vane zvingasarudzwa zviviri chete. Vanogona kugamuchira hurumende iyo inshuwarheni yakapa, kana inogona kuiramba.
Nemhaka yokuti vatsigiri vane simba rekunyora mutauro wematongerwo enyika, matare anowanzoshandura mazwi asinganzwisisiki mune zvaanotarisira mutungamiri (zvinopesana nemubhizimisi). Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kana mutongi uye inshurenzi asingabvumirani pamusoro pezvinoreva izwi, uye izwi iroro rine zvinyorwa zviviri kana zvinopfuura zvinonzwisisika, dare rinogona kusarudza zvarinoreva zvinobatsira iyo inshuwarisi.
Usingazivikanwe Magwaro
Muchiitiko chinorondedzerwa pamusoro apa, inshurenzi uye mutungamiri wenyika havana kubvumirana pamusoro pezvinoreva izwi risina kutaurwa (kuwa). Apo shoko risina kutsanangurwa mumutemo, matare anotonga sei kuti shoko rinorevei?
Kutanga, dare rinogona kutora kutonga kwekare pamusoro pezvinoreva izwi. Pamberi pematare emitemo (inonzi yakamboitika) kazhinji inoshanda semitungamiri yezvisarudzo zvishure. Kana pasina zvisarudzo zvisati zvavapo kana kutonga kusati kwasvika, dare rinogona kutarisa duramazwi yakazara kuti rione zvinorehwa neshoko. Icho chinogonawo kufunga nezvekuti munhu ane chekuita sei angangodudzira izwi racho. Matare anoziva kuti mutengi wenguva inoshandiswa nehushuwarisi anogona kududzira inshuwarheni izwi remutauro zvakasiyana kubva kune insurer.
Kukosha Kwemashoko
Ko tsanangudzo dzemitemo inokosha here? Silverstein Properties uye vashandi varo vepfuma vakawana mhinduro kumubvunzo iwoyo nenzira yakaoma.
Silverstein Properties inguva yekutengeserana kwemahofisi echitsuwa cheNew York City. Muna July wa2001, Silverstein yakatenga mari yegore rechi 99 yeWorld Trade Center, kusanganisira Twin Towers. Imba yakanga iri (uye ichiripo) inowanikwa nePort Authority yeNew York neNew Jersey. Sezvakadaidzwa nebhajiro, Silverstein akatenga inshuwarisi yeimba pazvivako zve Trade Trade. Imwe kambani yakatsigira iyo nzvimbo ye $ 3 bhiriyoni. Inishuwarenzi iyi inosanganisira purogiramu yepamba yemapurisa uye mitemo yakawandisa.
Mwedzi miviri muchikwereti, Twin Towers yakaparadzwa apo magandanga akafamba ndege dzakapambwa muzvivako. Panguva yekurwiswa, imwe chete yechurenzi yakabudisa mutemo. Vaya vaiti vambisi vezvekuchengetedza vainge vabudisa vasungwa , asi vakanga vachiri mukugadzirisa kukurukurirana.
Pakave nekukakavadzana kunotyisa pakati peSilderstein nevashambadzi vayo. Pakanga pane nyaya mbiri huru. Kutanga, mutengesi wacho akanga akundikana kujekesa kuti ndeipi yemazita maviri edzimba mabhizimisi vaizoshandisa: imwe inopiwa nevanoshambadzirana kana fomu ye inshuwarheni. Chechipiri, shongwe dzakange dzakaroverwa nemapurani akasiyana. Ko kurwiswa kwacho kwaive chinhu chimwe chete kana zviviri here? Izvi zvaive zvakakosha sezvo nzvimbo yemiganhu inoshandiswa yakasiyana pane imwe neimwe inoitika.
Fomu yechipariti yemutengi inotsanangura izwi rokuti "chiitiko," asi fomu ye inshuwarisi haina. Dare rakaronga kuti maitiro maviri aya aifungidzirwa sechiitiko chimwe chete pasi pomufambiro wemutengi, zvichienderana nechinangwa chekuitika. Pasi pemugovera we insurer, zvakadaro, kurwiswa kwakadaro kwaionekwa sezviitiko zvakasiyana. Pakupedzisira, vamwe vatsigiri vemari vakabhadhara kurasikirwa pasi pomufambiro wevatengesi apo vamwe vaifanira kubhadhara pasi pehurumende yehurumende. Silverstein yakagamuchira madhora madhora mabhiriyoni emadhora mabhiriyoni emadhora ekubhadhara kubva kune vatsigiri. Kana vashandi vehurumende vose vaifanira kubhadhara pasi pehuwandu hwemupurisa, Silverstein angadai akaunganidza $ 7 biliyoni (kaviri $ 3 billion mabhizimisi).