1. Basa Rokusarudzwa uye Kukanganiswa Kwakashata
Mhosva dzakawanda dzakaiswa kune mabhizimisi dzakabva pamhosva dzekusarura , kushungurudzwa, kutsiva, kana kukanganisa kusagadzikana.
Vazhinji vashandi vanodzivirirwa kubva pamabasa aya nemitemo yehurumende yekuzvidzivirira. Zvimwe zvezviito zvinoita sezvizvi:
- Chinyorwa VII cheChristian Rights Act. Bhairi vashandi kubva pakusarura vashandi vanobva pabonde, rudzi, chitendero, ruvara, kana nyika.
- Mutemo Wechirwere Chokudzivirira. Zvinodzivirira vashandi kubva pakusarura mukadzi nekuda kwekudzivirira kana mamiriro akafanana.
- Kufananidza Kubhadhara Mutemo. Inoda vashandi kuti vabhadhara varume nevakadzi mumutengo mumwe chete kana vakaita basa rakaenzana munzvimbo imwe chete yebasa.
- Zera Kusarura muZvato reMabasa. Inorambidza vashandi kubva pakusarura vashandi vane makore makumi mana kana kupfuura zvichienderana nezera ravo.
- Musoro I weAmericans With Disability Act (ADA). Inorambidza kusarura kune vashandi vanokwanisa avo vane urema.
Nyika dzakawanda dzakagadza mitemo yavo yekuzvidzivirira inodzivirira vashandi. Yeuka kuti mitemo yehurumende uye yezvematongerwo enyika inoshanda kune vanoita basa rekushanda pamwe nevashandi .
Terminology
Kuti vazvidzivirire kubva kumashandi akaroorana-basa, vashandi vanofanira kunzwisisa mamwe mazano edzidziso. Kushungurudzika uye kudzorera ndiyo marudzi ekusarura. Mutemo weBurumende unotsanangurira kushungurudzwa sekusagamuchirwa kunobva mukurudzi, mararamiro, chitendero, zvepabonde (kusanganisira kubata), nyika yakabva, yezera, kuremara, kana mazita ezvebasa.
Mukutaura kwekushungurudza, uyo anonzi anokanganisa anowanzova maneja kana mushandi pamwe chete. Mupomera anoti anotaura nezvekushungurudzika kumushandi, asi mushandirwi akakundikana kuimisa.
Kudzorera kunoreva kupisa, kuchema, kushungurudzwa, kana chiito chakafanana chakaitwa neanoshandira kuranga mushandi uyo akaisa chisarudzo chekusarura kana mhosva. Semuenzaniso, mushandi anokonzera kukanganisa nekusarura uye anodzingwa nemushandi. Mushandi anozviti kumushandi, achitaura kuti kupisa kwakaitwa mukutsiva kwekunyunyuta kwechisarudzo.
Kuguma kusina kunaka kunoreva kupisa mushandi mukuputsa mutemo. Zvakawanda zvisiri izvo zvinopomerwa zvinopesana nevashandirwi zvakabva kune zvinopomerwa zvekusarura. Somuenzaniso, mushandi ane makore makumi mashanu anogumisa. Anowedzera kumubvumira kuti aite basa risina kunaka, achitaura kuti akadzingwa chete nemhaka yezera rake.
Mabhizimisi Maduku Anotambudzwa
Mabhizimisi maduku angangodaro achinetseka pamatambudziko ane chokuita nebasa kupfuura avo vanogona kufunga. Makambani akawanda maduku haashandisi unyanzvi hwevanhu. Kana muridzi webhizimisi asina kutora matanho ekuvimbisa kuti kambani iri kutevedzera mitemo yehurumende uye yehurumende, mhosva dzinogona kuitika.
Mhosva dzinopikisa kusarura uye mamwe mabasa ane chokuita nebasa angave akachengetedzwa pasi pebasa rekuita basa (EPL) mutemo.
2. Kusarura Maitiro Asingaiti Maererano Nebasa
Apo mabhizimusi anosungirirwa kusarurwa, vatsoropodzi havasi vashandi nguva dzose. Zvinokodzera zvinogona kuiswa nevatengi, vatengesi, varwere, vatengesi, uye vamwe vanhu vanobatana nebhizimisi.
Semuenzaniso, mutengi anobvunza chikafu chekutora nokuda kwekusarura kunoenderana nekubva kwenyika yake. Sutu yake inotenderera kuti vashandi vakamirira vakaita mazwi anoseka pamusoro penyika yekwavo uye vakaramba kumushumira. Mimwe mitemo yeEPL inobatanidza kusarura kwemhosva yakaiswa nevanhu vasiri vashandi.
3. Mhirizhonga yeMutemo Mhirizhonga
Mhosva dzakawanda dzakapomerwa nevashandirwi dzinobva pamhosva dzokuti mushandirwi akanganisa mutemo wehurumende, wehurumende, kana wepasi.
Mitemo iyi inoungana pamwe chete inonzi mitemo uye maawa .
Federal Labor Standards Act (FLSA) inogadzirisa huwandu hwemari mubhadharo. Inotarisirawo basa revana, rekuchengetedza rekodhi, uye nguva yakawanda yekubhadhara. IFSA inoumba mapoka maviri evashandi, kusunungurwa uye kusina. Kazhinji, vashandirwi havasi kukodzera kubhadhara nguva yakawanda apo vashandi vasingabhadharwi havasi. Vazhinji vehurumende uye masunisheni vakagadza mitemo yavo pachake pamusoro pemari uye nguva yakawanda yekubhadhara.
Mhemberero uye maawa zvinowanzobva pamashoko ekuti mushandirwi akakundikana kubhadhara mari shoma kana mubhadharo wepamusoro. Vashandi vanogonawo kurwisana kuti mubhadhari haana kudzivirira kubhadhara nguva yakawanda kuburikidza nekutadza kuvadzidzisa sevasangano vezvokuchengetedza . Zvisungo zvinongobva pamhosva dzekupomerwa kwemubairo uye yeawa hazvikwanise kuvharwa nehushuwarisi. Zvisungo zvakadaro hazvifukidzwi nemitemo yakawanda, uye inonyatsosarudzwa pasi pemabasa mazhinji emabasa uye vatungamiriri uye mapurisa emitemo.
4. Torts
Sutu dzakawanda dzakasungwa pamabhizimisi nevechitatu dzinotarirwa pamatambudziko . Chikanganiso kudarika kodzero dzevanhu. Kune mhando mbiri dzematare dzinogona kutungamirira kumatare ezvimabhizimisi: zvisingaiti nemaitiro (kusaregerera) uye zvido zvekuda.
Kusagadzikana kunoitwa nemumwe bhizimisi kana mushandi anogona kukonzera njodzi inokuvadza mumwe munhu kana kukuvadza imba yomunhu. Munhu akakuvadzwa angagunun'una bhizimisi kana kuti mushandi wekukuvadzwa mumuviri kana kukanganisa kweimba . Maitiro ezvakangoita sekusungwa kwenhema nekudzingwa kusina kunaka kunogonawo kugadzira zvipfeko pamabhizimisi. Mhosva pamusoro pebhizimisi nokuda kwekukuvara kwemumuviri kana kukanganisa kweimba kungave yakafukidzwa nehutano hwemhosva . Mhosva dzinobva kune dzimwe mhando dzezvido zvekuzvidira dzinobatwawo nemitemo yezvakagadziriswa pasi pehupfumi hwemunhu uye wekutengeserana .
5. Kuparara kweContract
Uyewo zvakajairika kune mabhizimisi zvinokodzera kutaura nezvekuputsa kontrakiti. Bhizimisi bhizinesi anotyora kambani kana iye asingakwanisi kuita maererano nemashoko ayo. Semuenzaniso, Edwards Electric, kontrakta yemagetsi, anoratidza chibvumirano neBusy Builders, kontrakta huru. Muchibvumirano, Edwards Electric anobvumirana kuisa magetsi muimba iyo Busy Builders iri kuvaka. Edwards haamboiti chero basa purojekiti, saka Busy anotora chikamu chekutengesa chikamu.
Zvizhinji zvekutaura zvinoenderana nekuputsa kwekontrakiti hazvifukidzwi nemitemo yemhosva. Mumuenzaniso uyu, Busy Builders angadai akazvidzivirira pacheche kurwisana kwekontrapta kuti aite kuburikidza nekuti Edwards atenge bhizimisi chechivimbo.