Muenzaniso weCarrara Marble
Inzvimbo yePanthe neTrajan muRome yakavakwa naCarrara Marble. Izwi rakakurumbira raAugustus nderokuti: "Ndakawana Roma guta rezvidhina ndokubva rasiya guta remarble" ("Marmoream relinquo, quam latericiam accepi") .
Zvifananidzo zvakawanda zveRenaissance (David kubva kuMichelangelo, pakati pevamwe vakawanda) zvakavewo zvakavezwa mumarombo akavharwa kubva kuKarrara's quarry.
Izwi rokuti "Carrara" pacharo rinogadzirwa neCeltic "kair" kana kuti iro Ligurian " form ", zvose zvinoreva "dombo" . Izwi rechipiri raR R rinogona kunge richibva kuFrench "Carrière" (kariyo). Nokuda kwehukuru hwekare uye huwandu hwekugadzira, Carrara inodzidza nyaya yakakwana kune ani zvake anoda kudzidza kushanduka kwemavara emarbleti mumakore ose.
Nguva yeRoma
VaRoma vakatumidza zita rokuti Carrara marble marmor lunensis ("marble yaLuni" nemhaka yekuti yakatakurwa kune zvikepe pachiteshi cheLuni, kumucheto ekumabvazuva kweLiguria kuchamhembe kweItaly.
Basa rekugadzira, kunyanya bhuku, rakaitwa nevashandi vakawanda vakagadzirwa nevatendi kumabasa ekumanikidzirwa, varanda, nevaKristu. Vashandi vokutanga vaidzidzira zvipembenene zvepanyama zvedombo, apo maonde emiti wedges akaiswa uye aikanganiswa nemvura kuitira kuti kuwedzera kwepanyama kwakakonzera kusungira kwebhokisi.
Nokuda kwezvivharo zvehuwandu hwakasimbiswa, kazhinji hwemamiriyoni maviri akareba, vaRoma vakashandisa nzira ye "panel" inoshandiswa mubato rakasarudzwa, 15-20 cm yakadzika yakaiswa mukati iyo iyo yakaiswa mukati mesimbi chisiki. Mushure mekuenderera mberi kuputika, bhokisi racho rakaparadzana kubva pagomo.
Kushandiswa Kweblack Powder: Kwete Izvozvo Zvakanaka Mafungiro
Kushandiswa kwepfupa dema kwakave chikamu cheCarrara marble extraction techniques panguva yeEighteen Century.
IApennine landscape yakafamba nekuchinja kukuru. Zvivakwa zvakakura zvemafuro (anonzi "ravaneti" ) akaratidza kuti zvakasimba marble zvakachengetwa zvakakanganiswa sei nekushandiswa kwezvipuka.
Iko kunoshongedza mabwe ekutsvaira kwemashoko kunotakura ivo pachavo apo "chinotanga kukanganisa ndechekusavhiringidza dombo panguva yekubudiswa, izvo zvingaita kuti zvirege kukodzera kuwedzerwa kushandiswa", sezvatotaurwa kare munyaya yapfuura.
The Helical Wire: A Real Revolution
Iko kuchinja kwechokwadi kwema marble extraction techniques kwakaitika pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 nekugadzirwa kwetambo yehelical uye pulley inopinda. Nzira yacho inowanikwa pamakiromita mana kusvika ku6 mamita akaenzana ematare akabatanidzwa pamwe chete nechisimba chekuita sasiki sandu uye yakawandisa yemvura segorosi.
Tsvina yehelical ndeyekuenderera mberi kwesimbi inoputika iyo inofamba pamhanho yemamita 5 kusvika ku 6 pamusi wechipiri ndokucheka marble pachiyero chemasentimita makumi maviri neawa. Kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa ichi chitsva kwakashandura zvachose kushandiswa kwezvipuka uye zvakagadzirisa kuonekwa kunooneka munzvimbo. Gomo racho rakatanga kutemwa zvakananga, kuumba surreal nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa nehotera huru dzezvikwiriso uye mapuratifomu, anonzi "piazzali di cava" .
"Diamond wire cutting yakagadzirwa muEngland muma1950, pakutanga ne diamond electroplated beads yakasungirwa pane imwe michina yakawanda yechipfumi. Kwemakore makumi matatu akapfuura basa guru rekusimudzira (naDamantant Boart, pakati pevamwe) rakagadzirisa pfungwa kusvikira raitengeswa nekutengeserana muCarrara marryery muItaly, " akanyora Shane McCarthy mumapepa anoshamisa pamusoro pekucheka kwemataini emadheni (Queensland Roads Technical Journal, March 2011, peji 29-39) .
Diamond wire sawing ichiri kushandiswa nhasi mumabhizimisi emarble, kunyanya kuCarrara. "Dhawoni yekuona yedhaimani inoda kudonha pakutanga pangozi mbiri (imwe inonamatira pasi pebhenekeri uye vertical kubva kumusoro) iyo inosangana, maererano nehuwandu hwekuvhara.
Ipapo tambo yacho inotenderedzwa nemushandisi wakaiswa pamharairi. Nokutendeuka, tambo yakaona dombo. Mushoni wacho unodzoka zvishoma nezvishoma pamisara kuitira kuchengetedza kabhadharo kusvikira pakuguma kwekucheka. Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa sezvo inobvumidza kuti ichengetedzwe uye nyore nyore kugadzirisa zvakare nemiganhu yakapinza, " sezvinotsanangurwa munyaya yangu ichangobva kuitika pamusoro peiyo dombo dombo makaroti chaiwo.