Vashandi Vakagadzirira Zvikwereti Zvimwe Zvakakurumbira Kupfuura Nguva Dzose
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekupa mari kune zvipo. Zvisinei, vazhinji vane hutano hwakakomba vanosarudza imwe yenzira mbiri dzinogona kuita zvakakosha: nheyo yega yega kana mupiro-akarayirwa mari (raka DFA).
Nheyo dzinoita chikamu chinokosha chekupa kwedu kupa zvipo muUnited States. Vanouya mu "mararamiro" akawanda, anosanganisira vanhu, vega, vekambani, uye nheyo dzemhuri.
Vanhu kana mhuri dzinogona kushandisa nheyo dzega kana mhuri kuti dzive nehupfumi hwavo hukuru kune zvinokonzerwa nezvavanonzwa vachida zvikuru. Dzimwe nheyo dzemhuri mazita emhuri, akadai seBill uye Melinda Gates Foundation uye The Rockefeller Foundation.
Kunyange zvazvo nheyo dzakawanda dzakakosha zvikuru dzine mari yakawanda, vashandi, uye zvipo zvinoenda kune plethora yezvipo zvisina ruzivo, kunewo madiki akawanda emhuri nheyo. Zvechokwadi, kune zvikwereti zvishoma kudarika zvikuru. The Foundation Source inoti 66 muzana yevane 91,000 nheyo dziri muUnited States vane zvinhu pasi pe $ 1 mamiriyoni.
Mari inopa mazano inowanikwa mutsva yakawanda kudarika iyo yomuenzaniso wekutanga asi yakanyanya kuve yakakurumbira. Maererano nekudzidza kwekupa USA, mari yevakapa mari yakawedzera 18.3 kubva muna 2010 kusvika 2015.
Vaya vanonyanya kubatsira mari iyi, Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund, yakarongedza nhamba imwechete paThe Chronicle of Philanthropy yepamusoro 400 masangano ehurumende uye nheyo dzehupfumi muna 2017, achiisa $ 4.1 mabhiriyoni muzvipo.
Vapei vane mari yakawanda yekupa rubatsiro vanowanzoshamisika kuti ndeipi yemapuratifomu, nheyo kana mupiro-akakurudzirwa mari, ingangobatsira zvikuru. Funga nezvezvakanaka uye zvinotyisa zvemuenzaniso wega wega.
Zvinyorwa zveHanor Advised-Funds
Zviri nyore kuisa. Inogona kuvhurwa nokukurumidza uye zvinobudirira, kufanana nekambani yebhangi.
Uyewo, DAFs inoita kuti zvive nyore kutevera zvipo zvezvipo. Zvose zviri munzvimbo imwe chete nekuwana nyore nyore magwaro anokosha.
Pasi chikumbaridzo chekupinda ($ 5000 chete pamari yakawanda).
Kutsigira uye Kubhadhara mitero yekunzwira mutero. Nekuregererwa kwemazuva ose kunowedzera nekuda kwemitemo mitsva yemitero, vabatsiri vanogona kutakura-mutoro weDAF nemakore akawanda-zvipo zvezvipo zvinovabvumira kuti vaite zvepamusoro pekuregererwa kwemazuva ose (zvinonziwo "bunching"). Pane imwe nguva muhomwe, mari inogona kupararira kwemakore anoverengeka uye inopiwa kune nhamba ipi zvayo yezvikonzero zvinokurudzira. Mari muDAF inogona kukura musingabhadhara mutero kuitira kuti zviyero zvishoma zvigone kugoverwa zvichiita kuti zvive nezvipo zvakakosha zvemipiro.
Uyewo, zvipo kune mari inogona kuchinja zvichienderana nekuchinja mune mari. Ipai zvakawanda mumakore apo mari inowanikwa uye yakaderera mumakore mashoma emari. Dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri dzinogona kupiwa mazano kuvaridzi kuitira kuti vagone kutora chikamu pamwe chete.
Privacy. Mipiro inopa mazano inogona kuve isingazivikanwi, uye hapana magwaro ehurumende.
Mazano. Vanopa ruzivo vanofarira ruzivo rwakachengetwa nemari yekubhadhara mari uye rubatsiro runopa pamusoro pechirongwa chezvipo. Uyewo, mari yekubhadhara inogona kugadzirisa zvipo zvezvitoro, zvisungo, mari, dzimba uye kunyange mari dzisingashandisi.
Vatsigiri vanogona kugadzirisa zvipo zvisina mari pamari uye vozopa mupi wehuwandu hwemari yekutsinhanisa mari yaunofanira kusarudza.
Mutengo. Mari inopiwa-inopa mari inoshandiswa. Vanogona kugadziriswa nemari shoma yemari, uye mari yekufambisa iri pasi. Mari inopa mazano haifaniri kutora chikamu chemari gore roga rega (sezvo nheyo inofanirwa), saka mari inogona kuwana mubereko kubva kune inotengeswa iyo isati yaita zvipo zvechipo. Zvisinei, kunyanya kupa mari kunokurudzira vapei kuti varege "kugara" pamari kwenguva refu.
Cons of Donor-Advised Funds
Kurasikirwa kwekutonga. Kana imwe nguva yapiwa, mari yomubatsiri ndeyokuchengetedza mari, iyo inobva yabvisa zvipo / zvipo kune mupi. Iko gwaro rinotungamirira rinowirirana kune zvavanokumbira / mazano kunze kwekuti sarudzo yakasarudzwa isiri yakarurama ( kwete 501c3 ).
Kunyange zvakadaro, mupiro anotasikirwa nekugadzirisa kwekuti mari yake inowana sei mari. Uyewo, nokuti sangano rekutarisira ikozvino rine mari, vabatsiri havagoni kuita mhiko dzomutemo dzomumipiro yemigumo yenguva yemberi kune rudo. Vanogona kuita zvisungo zvisina kubatana (chinangwa chokupa).
Kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekutsvaga. Vapei vanogona kutsanangura kune avo nhoroondo iyo ichaenda shure kwekufa kwomubatsiri. Zvisinei, nhaka haigoni kurongedzwa nokusingaperi. Pakupedzisira, mari inopinda mudzimba rega rega mari pakubhadhara mari.
Zvimwe zveZvamwe Zvivako
Kudzora. Kana munhu akaisa nheyo, munhu iyeyo anogona kusarudza kuti mari yakawanda yekupa, ani uye nguva. Muvambi anodzorawo nzira yekuisa mari yeheyo. Asi IRS, zvisinei, inotsanangurira mitemo yakawanda yekudzora mari, yakadai sekuda kwekuti nheyo inofanira kupa zvikamu zvishanu kubva kune imwe yezvinhu zvayo gore negore.
Succession. Nheyo inogona kutsungirira kwezvizvarwa zvakawanda, kana kupedza pasi pasi pfuma yayo munguva yakatarwa-isina kukwana
Mamiriro ezvinhu. Nheyo haisi "yega". Vanogona kuzivikanwa zvakanaka, uye zvipo zvavanobatsira zvinogona uye kuvabvuma pachena. Saka zita remhuri rinogona kuyeukwa.
Cons of Private Foundations
Zvinodhura uye kuiswa kwakaoma. Nheyo dzinoda mari yakawanda kwazvo uye mazano emagweta uye masangano emari. Zvinotora nguva yakawanda yekusimbisa nheyo. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti mumwe anofanirwa kunge ane $ 1 mamiriyoni kuti aise nheyo asi vamwe vanopa mazano anenge $ 10 mamiriyoni. Zvisinei, Foundation Foundation, sangano rinobatsira vatengi kugadzirisa nheyo dzevamwe, dzinoti munhu anogona kuvakwa zvishoma ne $ 250,000.
Mukana wacho ndewekuti chero nheyo yega yega inofanira kuwana mari yakakwana yekuvhara mari yekushanda kwayo (inofungidzirwa kusvika kusvika masere muzana gore) uye achiri kukwanisa kubhadhara zvishoma zvishanu muzana yezvigaro gore negore.
Kurasikirwa Kwebasa. Sezvo nheyo dziri 501 (c) (3) masangano anofarira mamiriro ekubhadhara mutero, anofanira kunge ari masangano ehurumende. Zvinyorwa pamusoro pedheyo zvinowanikwa nyore nyore kuvanhu. Zvose zvikwereti zvakabviswa zviri pachena. Chero ani zvake anogona kuwana ruzivo rese pamusoro pesheyo kuburikidza nemabasa akadai se Guide Guide.
Zvinokakavadzana Nezve Donor-Advised Funds
Mumakore mashomanana apfuura, pakanga pane nharo huru pamusoro pemari-inopa mari. Zvivimbiso kazhinji hazvizivi kuti vauye sei nevatsigiri pamwe nemari iyi, vanobatana navo, uye kuvamanikidza. Sezvo mari idzi dzichikura zvishoma nezvishoma, zvipo zvinotinetsa zvinoshushikana nekurasikirwa nevana vavo vanovabatsira nevanove vachikwanisa kuramba vari pedyo.
Uyezve, sezvo mari yavanopa-yakarayirwa haifaniri kubhadhara mari ipi zvayo yakasarudzwa yepfuma yavo gore negore, mari inogona kuungana gore negore iyo yose ichiwana chido. Izvo "mari" yakashanda haisi kushandira zvikonzero zvinopa rubatsiro kunyange zvazvo mupi wechikwama ichi akakwanisa kutora mutero wake wokubvisa pakarepo.
Imwe nyaya iri muAtlantic inotaura nezvekukakavadzana kwevatsoropodzi vemari inopa mazano, vakati, "Mupiro wekupa mazano anonyatsokwanisa kutsanangurwa seimba yekuchengetedza yezvipo zvezvipo."
Kune rumwe rutivi, munhu anogona kukakavadzana kuti mari inopa-inopa mari inobvumira vanhuwo zvavo kutanga nemari shoma, vachirikura isina mutero ndokubva vaipa kuchirongwa gare gare, sevanokurumbira philanthropists. Vanor-fund vanotsigira zvakadai seFidelity uye Schwab vanoshevedza iyi "democratization of charlanthropy." Vanotsoropodza vanoti mari inopa mazano "inobata matangi" emadhora ezverubatsiro.
Imwe tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti chaizvoizvo, inenge 20 kubva muzana yezvinhu zvakagadzirirwa mune mari inopiwa-kupa zano inodzingwa gore negore. Haisi kutongerwa, asi masangano anotsigira anowanzokurudzira vatengi vavo kupa nokukurumidza panzvimbo pfupi.
Pakupedzisira, kusarudza motokari ipi yaunoshandisa kune zvipo zvezvipo, nguva yekubhadharwa, uye mari yakawanda yekuisa mari mumudzidzi-anopa ruzivo kana nheyo inofanira kunge iri kumunhu mumwe chete kana kuti mhuri kuburikidza nekubvunzana nevarayiri vezvemari uye vadzidzisi vane rupo rwekupa .
Popular Donor-Advised Funds
- National Philanthropic Trust
- Kuvimbika Charitable
- Schwab Charitable
- Vanguard Charitable
- Jewish Communal Fund
Local Community Foundations . Nyika yako kana guta rine imwe kana kupfuura mhemberero dzemunharaunda iyo inowanzobata mari-yakarayirwa mari. Tsvaga ruzivo rwemunharaunda yako paChristian Foundations
References:
- Council On Foundations
- Ndezvipi Donor-Advised Funds Nzira Yakanakisisa Yokupa? The Atlantic Magazine, 2017
- Kuenzanisa Magwara Akanakisisa Kupa Kupa Kwepfungwa, The New Times , 2011
- The Data on Donor-Advised Funds: Zvitsva Zvitsva Unoda Kuziva, Kupa USA, 2018
Ichi chinyorwa chinongova nechinangwa chekuziva. Hazvirevi kuti uve mazano epamutemo. Chengetedza dzimwe nzvimbo, dzakadai seRIS, uye bvunzurudza nemutemo wepamutemo kana kuti mutengesi.