Basa Rokuvakwa Maererano neChipupuriro chePisa chePisa

Iyo yakasendamira Shongwe yePisa, iyo isati iri imwe yeMakondomwe Anomwe eEkare Yenyika, yakaiita kune dzimwe dzakawanda "Wonders of the World" inotarisa kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Maererano nenhau, chigadziro chakangofanana nechinangwa cheShongwe yeBhabheri. Tora yePisa iine mamita 55 yakakwirira nemakiromita 284 uye bell yakagadzirwa nemabhero manomwe ayo anongorongerwa kumhanzi uye kuverenga.

Stage Building

Zvose zvakatanga muna 1173.

Mavambo maviri maviri okutanga eShongwe yePisa haana kusendama asi chimiro chekutanga chakatanga kuwedzera apo kuvaka kwakatamira kusvika kumazera matatu nepamusoro muna 1178. Kusiyana kwakagadziriswa kwakaitwa kamwechete apo muumbi wekucherechedza uyo akasimba muna 1185, achiona kuti ivhu panzvimbo yakasarudzwa yakanga isinganyatsogadzikani kutsigira sangano rakakura zvakadaro.

Kuvakwa kweWatch of Pisa kwakamira kwemakore anenge zana nekuda kwehondo dzePisa neguta rakapoteredza reFlorence. Basa rakatanga zvakare muna 1272 uye pasi mana zvakavakwa mumakona akachinjwa kune mazana akambotanga, asi Leaning Tower yePisa yakatanga kusendamira kunotarisana nechemberi. Muna 1284 kuvaka kwakamira zvakare nokuti Pisa akakundwa neGenoa mune imwe hondo. Muna 1370 shongwe, iye zvino nhambwe masere uye mazana maviri ekukwirira, yakapedziswa zviri pamutemo.

The Problem

Nyanzvi dzakave dzakakamurwa pamusoro pekuti kana akaonda aifanira kukonzera dambudziko revhu here kana kuti chiitiko chakagadzirirwa nevakagadziri.

Zvisinei, miedzo munguva yezana remakore rechi20 yakanyatsoratidza kuti chido chakatanga mushure mekuvakwa. Kudzidza kwepasi kwakaratidzwa mukati-rakazara ivhu rakashambidzwa rakashambidzwa nemvura inonzi subterranean.

Nheyo dzeThe Tower of Pisa dzakaiswa muna 1173, dzakavakwa kunyanya marble uye lime; iyo shongwe yakavakwa mune denderedzwa rakadzika, anenge mamita mashanu pakadzika, pamusoro penyika ine ivhu, yakanaka yejecha, uye mabhomba.

Chikonzero chechigunun'una chinokonzerwa nekuita kwechikamu chevhu, jecha rakanaka, uye mabhomba ayo shongwe yakavakwa. Iyi ivhu rakavhenganiswa inonyanya kuenzaniswa nechokumaodzanyemba, asi pamusoro pemakore sezvo kuwedzera kwacho kwawedzera, Rusvingo rwePisa rwakamira kunyura ndokutanga kutenderera, zvichiita kuti rutivi rwekumaodzanyemba ruende kumusoro.

The Solution

Shanduro yePisita yePisa yaive pasi pezvipingamupinyi zviviri zvakanyanya: kusagadzikana kwemaitiro emasonry asina kusimba uye kuwa nekuda kwekuputsa kwepasi pasi pedenga nheyo. Chimwe chiitiko chinogona kuitwa munguva ichangobva kupindira chaisanganisira kutungamira nekuisa kwereweight yeanenge matani 660 kurutivi rwokumusoro rwechigaro cheshongwe kuitira kuti irege kuchinja. Yakakundikana. Zvadaro, muna 1995, kupisa kwematare ematare ematare uye kusviba kwepasi kwakagadziriswa, asi izvi zvakakonzera kuti chirema chiwedzere.

Gare gare, masayendisiti nevanjiniya vakaona kuti ivhu remhepo rakange riri chinhu chikuru chekudzosa kudzokera kumamiriro akasimba. Denga rakabviswa kubva kune zvikamu zviviri zvepasi: kumusoro kwevhu rejecha uye yechipiri yevhu yevhu. Dzidziso yacho ndeyokuti apo ivhu raive richibviswa, kudengenyeka kwenyika kwaizokura uye ivhu raizosimbisa, zvichipa nheyo yakasimba.

Izvo zvinokonzera ivhu kubva mukati mekanda pasina kuita pane zvimwe zvikamu kana kunze kwaro. Ganda rinovhara rinopfigira zvakanaka apo ganda rinodzokororwa uye ivhu rinogadzirisa, kugadzira chivako chinokonzera shongwe sezvo ichichinja zvishoma kuchamhembe.

Nokushandisa nzira iyi, injinjini dzakaderedza zvakakoshesa kumashure nechepakati nemasentimita makumi maviri, kudzokera kwaive muna 1838. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yeshongwe ikozvino inosendama inopfuura mamita gumi nemashanu kubva panzvimbo.

Chidzidzo Chatadzidza

Zvinyorwa ndezvokutanga uye zvakakosha chikamu chero chipi zvacho-chinogona kuvimbisa kubudirira kana kukwana zvachose kweprojekti. Kunyangwe dambudziko rekunyengedza rakagadziriswa, ichinetso chinogona kuchinja zvakasiyana-siyana zvemapurogiramu. Heano mamwe mazano ekubata nevhu dzakaderera:

1. Paunenge uchivakira pamusoro penzvimbo dzakadzika, zvingave zvakakosha kuti ufukidze pasi nepakati pekavara uye uise nzvimbo yakadzika.

1. Dzorera ivhu rakanyorova nevhu rakakwana rinozobereka hutakiti hunoenderana nehuwandu.
2. Gadzira chikwata chakakura uye uchisimbise nesimbi yakawedzerwa (muzvikwereti zvishoma).
3. Shandisa kukanganisa kuvhara kana kupera mutoro unobata kana mbeu yevhu iri pasi iri yakakodzera.
4. Mafashamo nyika iyo mazhenje akave akachera uye zvino kuenzaniswa zvakakwana. Izvi zvinowanzogadzirisa kubatana uye kunoita kuti ivhu rive rakasimba kugadzirisa.
5. Injoa ivhu / cement slurry. Izvi zvinoda zvikamu zvina zvakakosha zvemidziyo: a drill rig kufambisa slurry kuti ishandure zvakadzika; bhinzi kana tangi kusanganisa samori slurry; pombi kusundira slurry kumigero yekugadzira gorosi, uye shanduro yakakosha yekubatanidza sement slurry nevhu mu situ.
6. Shandisa geogrids kuti upe chinangwa chinobudirira pakuderedza kushushikana pasi pemigwagwa pamusoro.

Chimwe nechimwe chirongwa chakasiyana uye chinodikanwa kusiyanisa kwemaitiro zvichienderana nemhando yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, rudzi rwekugadzirisa uye nzvimbo yakasikwa yevhu kune imwe neimwe. Ramba uchiyeuka kuti mitemo inoshandiswa nemitemo inofanira kusangana mumamiriro ese ezvinhu.