Kunyanya Kushandiswa Kwekuvaka Kunogona Kubatsira Sei Wakasimba?
Nzira yakakoshesa yakawanda yakatanga pamusana weHelen Ford's Model T mukutanga kwezana remakumi maviri nemakumi maviri uye yakagadzirwa muToyota mafodya muma1930s. Iyo nzira itsva yekugadzira yakaputsa chirongwa chekugadzira muzvikamu zviduku zvikuru, zvakasimbiswa kushandiswa kwemichina "yakakosha", kuzvitarisira kwehutano hwehutano, uye kuderedza kutenderera kubva pane imwe danho rekuita kune imwe inotevera.
Iyi nzira yakarondedzerwa mubhuku rinonzi The Machine That Changed the World naJames P. Womack, Daniel Roos, naDhaniel T. Jones muna 1990, vachikurudzira mamwe mashizha, kusanganisira kuvaka, kugadzirisa nzira yakaoma yekugadzira nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo.
Nguva yekuRethink Zvinhu
Kutanga muna 1992 uye kupfuurira kuburikidza nekutanga kwema 00s, mahofisi ekugadzirisa matongerwo enyika, kusanganisira Lauri Koskela, Glenn Ballard, naGregory Howell, vakatanga kushandura mhizha yekuvaka kuti iongororezve matanho ekuvaka. Koskela akasimbisa kuti chivakwa chakasimba, kana chikafuhwa zvakanaka, "chaizogadzirisa zvirongwa zvekugadzira kuderedza kushandiswa kwezvinhu, nguva, nekuedza kuita kuti pave nekukwanisa kuwanda kwekoshi." Chokutanga chekuvaka kwakasimba ndechekuchengetedza vashandi vekuvaka kubudirira, kuderedza dongo , uye kuderedza zvinhu zvisingakoshi uye zvishandiso. Pakazosvika gore ra1997, kuvakwa kwakaoma kwakange kwakabatanidzwa zvakanaka zvokuti Ballard naHowell vakavaka sangano reLean Building Institute-sangano rakatsaurirwa kugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzirisa kwekuvaka munyika yose.
Kubwinya kwakasimudzira kugadzirisa urongwa hwekugovera, saka hapana mazamu asina kukodzera kana achishanda pakugadzira, kuwedzera kuzerera pane nzvimbo yekuvaka. Vane mamanisi ekuvaka vanogadzira nzvimbo yacho uye kugoverana pamwe chete-kunyanya kutora kumusoro-pasi nzira yekuongorora nekugadzirira chirongwa.
Panzvimbo pokutsvaga basa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti vaone nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa, vanoisa pfungwa pakuvandudza kushandiswa kwemabasa ose. Uye pane kuvimba nekarendari, vatariri vekuvaka vanoenzanisa nekukwevera uye kuputira zvichienderana nemitemo yeprojekti-kubvisa matambudziko ekukurukurirana wepakati pekutanga, kutarisa kure.
Zvose zvepurojekiti zvinoongororwa, kuyerwa, nekuvandudzirwa pamusoro, zvikurukuru nekubatsira kwekugadzira software yekugadzira. Vatungamiri vanokurudzira kuonana-ne-chiso kukurukurirana zuva nezuva kuti abvise matambudziko ekukurukurirana. Pavanenge vachitsanangura zvakananga nezvebasa, vanotsanangura kukosha kubva kune zvinoonekwa nevatengi uye vanotora nzira yekushandura kumabasa avo ekuramba vachibvisa tsvina. Pakupedzisira, nhengo dzose dzekambani yekuvaka dzinozvidavirirawo kune kubudirira kana kukundikana kweprojekti-uye kugamuchira mugove wakaenzana wemari yekupedzisira yeprojekti kana zvikwereti.
Muenzaniso Webudiriro
Mumwe muenzaniso wekubudirira kwekuvaka kushandiswa kwakashandura nzira ya Turner yekuvaka Chicago Everett McKinley Dirksen Courthouse. Pakupera kwebasa racho, Turner akatarisana nematauriri ekudzivirira, akawana 50% kuderedzwa mumarara, kupera kwe 86% muRFI uye zvinyorwa zvinyorwa, uye "kuwedzera kunoshamisa kwehutano uye hutano hwekukurukurirana pakati pevashandi vemagetsi evanhu."
Kuti ave nechokwadi, semhando ipi neipi yekugadzira maitiro ekugadzira, kusendama haisi yekambani imwe neimwe. Kushandisa nzira inobudirira kunotora kuronga kukuru, kuedza, uye nguva-zvikonzero zvakagutsikana kuti mamwe makambani ekuvakira anorega kuoma. Uyezve, tsvina inoda kuti mapato ose atenge mukutengesa. Izvo hazvibatsiri kana mamwe mapato asingadi kukurukurirana seanowanzosvibisa kana maonda achida.
Kunyange zvazvo zvinetso izvi zvingave zvisingabvumirwi kune dzimwe makambani, vatariri vekuvaka vanofanira kuyeuka kuti kuvaka kwakasimba inzira yekuvaka-hakuna nzira "yakarurama" yekuzviita chero bedzi mitemo inotungamira inoramba yakatendeka kuti ibvise marara, kubva kumutengi, kusimbisa basa rekuyerera, kubvumira vatengi kukunda, uye vachida kukwana.